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French has a rich vowel inventory, including nasal vowels like /ɑ̃/, /ɛ̃/, /œ̃/, and /ɔ̃/, which are produced with air passing through the nose. Unlike English, French does not have a strong stress system; syllables are generally evenly timed, with stress typically falling on the final syllable of a phrase. French also has liaison, where normally silent final consonants are pronounced when followed by a vowel, such as in les amis ("the friends"), where the normally silent "s" in les is pronounced as /z/ before the vowel in amis.
Consonants:
Stops: Thai has a set of voiceless and voiced stops, including /p, t, k/ (voiceless) and /b, d, ɡ/ (voiced). It also includes aspirated stops like /pʰ, tʰ, kʰ/ (as in "ph," "th," and "kh").
Fricatives: /f, s, h/ (voiceless), and /v, z/ (voiced, but only in loanwords).
Affricates: Thai includes affricates such as /tɕ/ (as in "ch") and /dʒ/ (as in "j").
Nasals: /m, n, ŋ/ (nasals, with /ŋ/ appearing in word-final position).
Liquids: /l, r/ (the "r" is often a tap or flap).
Glides: /w, j/ (semi-vowels).
Vowels:
Thai has a relatively complex vowel system with both short and long vowels, which contrasts in length rather than quality.
Short vowels: /i, e, ɛ, a, u, o, ɔ/
Long vowels: /iː, eː, ɛː, aː, uː, oː, ɔː/
Diphthongs: Thai also has diphthongs such as /ai, ao, ua, ie, ue/.
Tone: Thai is a tonal language, with five tones:
High, mid, low, rising, and falling. The pitch contour of a syllable affects its meaning.
Phonotactics: Thai has relatively simple syllables, which are typically (C)V(C) with some restrictions on consonant clusters. Thai syllables may end in a stop or nasal consonant, and consonant clusters are generally not allowed except at the start of syllables.
Stress: Thai is a language where tone is far more important than stress, but the stress typically falls on the first syllable of polysyllabic words.
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