Dwarfish

The oddly accented Common of Dwarves is fully explained by their complex language.

Writing System

Consonant inventory: /b d f g h j k l m n p r s t w ɾ ʂ ʃ ʦ ʧ/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	p b		t d				k g
Affricate			ʦ	ʧ
Fricative		f	s	ʃ	ʂ			h
Approximant						j
Tap			ɾ
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Phonology

Consonant inventory: /b d f g h j k l m n p r s t w ɾ ʂ ʃ ʦ ʧ/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	p b		t d				k g
Affricate			ʦ	ʧ
Fricative		f	s	ʃ	ʂ			h
Approximant						j
Tap			ɾ
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: /a i u ɔ ɛ/

	Front	Back
High	i	u
Low-mid	ɛ	ɔ
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined Stress pattern: Second — stress is on the second syllable Word initial consonants: b, bl, br, bw, bɾ, d, df, dj, dl, dn, dr, f, fw, g, gl, gr, gw, gwl, gwn, gwr, gɾ, h, hw, j, k, kh, kj, kl, kn, kst, kw, l, lj, m, n, p, pɾj, r, rw, s, sj, sr, t, th, tm, ts, tɾ, tʃt, w, wh, ɾ, ʂ, ʂw, ʃm, ʃw, ʦ, ʧ, ʧl, ʧt Mid-word consonants: b, bb, bn, bst, bʃ, d, db, dkw, dw, dɾ, f, fj, fn, fp, fst, ft, ftl, ftr, ftw, fʂ, fʃ, g, gd, gg, gm, gs, gt, gts, gtt, gw, gɾ, gʃ, h, hb, hd, hj, hm, hr, ht, hw, j, jd, jdn, jg, jl, jr, js, jsk, jɾ, k, kd, kh, kj, kk, kkj, kkw, kn, ksf, ksj, ksk, ksm, ksp, kst, ksw, kt, ktf, ktl, ktr, kts, ktʃ, kʃ, kʦ, kʧ, l, ldf, ldh, ldl, ldn, ldr, lfd, lfm, lft, lj, lk, lkj, ll, llg, lmn, ln, lp, lpf, lpl, lr, lsh, lsk, lst, lt, ltj, ltr, lts, ltʃ, lw, lʧ, m, mbj, mbl, mbr, mfl, mft, mg, mgw, mh, mj, mk, mm, mnd, mng, mpf, mpj, mpl, mpt, mpʃ, mpʧ, mst, mtʃ, mw, mʦ, n, nbl, ndb, ndf, ndj, ndk, ndl, ndm, ndn, ndr, nds, ndt, ndʃ, nf, nfj, nfl, ngj, ngl, ngr, ngw, nh, nj, nkj, nkl, nkt, nkw, nkʃ, nlj, nmj, nnj, np, npj, npl, ns, nsf, nsj, nsk, nsl, nsm, nsp, nst, ntb, ntf, nth, ntj, ntk, ntl, ntm, ntr, nts, ntw, ntʃ, nw, nʃ, nʃs, nʦ, nʦg, nʦj, nʧr, p, pdr, pf, pj, plw, pn, ppl, pr, prj, ps, psj, pst, pt, ptʃ, pw, pɾj, r, rb, rbr, rd, rdn, rg, rh, rk, rkt, rn, rp, rpl, rsd, rsg, rsk, rsm, rst, rtk, rtn, rtr, rts, rtʃ, rʃ, rʃs, rʧ, s, sd, sf, sh, sk, skj, skl, skr, sm, sn, spj, spl, spr, st, stf, stg, stj, stk, stl, stm, stn, str, stw, stʃ, sɾ, sʧ, t, tbl, td, th, tj, tkr, tlm, tm, tn, tpr, ts, tsd, tsj, tsm, tst, tt, tth, ttr, tts, tw, tʃl, tʃm, tʃw, tʦ, tʦj, w, wb, wk, wl, wm, ws, wsr, wts, wtɾ, wɾ, wʃ, ɾ, ɾf, ɾh, ɾj, ɾl, ɾm, ɾn, ɾp, ɾtʃ, ɾw, ɾʃ, ɾʧ, ʂ, ʂl, ʂn, ʂsk, ʂt, ʃ, ʃj, ʃk, ʃkɾ, ʃm, ʃp, ʃpl, ʃs, ʃtɾ, ʃtʃ, ʃʧ, ʦ, ʦk, ʦl, ʦt, ʧ, ʧf, ʧg, ʧk, ʧl, ʧn Word final consonants: b, d, f, fs, ft, g, gs, gʃ, gʧ, jd, jf, jj, jk, jl, js, jt, k, kʃ, lf, lk, ll, lt, m, mb, md, mp, ms, nd, nf, ng, nw, p, r, rb, rf, rg, rl, rm, rn, rr, rs, rʃ, rʦ, s, sg, sk, st, t, tʃ, wf, wɾ, ɾ, ɾb, ɾd, ɾn, ɾs, ʂ, ʃd, ʃk, ʃt, ʦ, ʧ
Phonological changes (in order of application):

• ʦ → s / _{i,j}
• s → ʃ / i_

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ʦ	ts
ɛ	e
ɔ	o
ʃ	sh
j	y
ʧ	ch
ʂ	ṣ
ɾ	r̀

Morphology

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -ars Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -ɛʧ Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -ind Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -ip Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʦ Else: Suffix -iʦ Noun to verb = Suffix -ɔ Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -rʃ Else: Suffix -urʃ Tending to = Suffix -agʧ Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -amp Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -s Else: Suffix -as One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -rb Else: Suffix -irb Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ng Else: Suffix -ing Diminutive = Suffix -uʦ Augmentative = Suffix -i

Syntax

The complicated syntax of the Dwarfish language can be daunting.

Definite	If ends with vowel: Suffix -wf Else: Suffix -uwf shmamsteysuwf /ʃmamsˈtɛjsuwf/ the dog
Indefinite	Suffix -arm shmamsteysarm /ʃmamsˈtɛjsarm/ a dog

Articles

Famblolwarbian encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.

Pronouns

1st singular	tr̀i /tɾi/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	i /i/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	ṣosk /ʂɔsk/ he, him, his, it, its
3rd singular fem	gwlust /gwlust/ she, her, hers, it, its
1st plural	chtu /ʧtu/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	dfe /dfɛ/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural	li /li/ they, them, theirs

Possessive determiners

1st singular	tr̀i /tɾi/ my
2nd singular	i /i/ your
3rd singular masc	ṣosk /ʂɔsk/ his
3rd singular fem	gwlust /gwlust/ her
1st plural	chtu /ʧtu/ our
2nd plural	dfe /dfɛ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	li /li/ their

Verbs

	Future
1st person	If ends with vowel: Suffix -wɾ Else: Suffix -uwɾ yuftewr̀ /jufˈtɛwɾ/ (I/we) will learn
2nd person	If ends with vowel: Suffix -gʃ Else: Suffix -agʃ yuftegsh /jufˈtɛgʃ/ (you/you all) will learn
3rd person	Suffix -aft yufteaft /jufˈtɛaft/ (he/she/it/they) will learn

Famblolwarbian uses a standalone particle word for past tense:

Past	Particle before the verb: ɛ - e yufte /ɛ jufˈtɛ/ learned

Imperfective aspect
The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).
Famblolwarbian uses an affix for imperfective:

Imperfective

Suffix -ɛɾ yufteer̀ /jufˈtɛɛɾ/ learns/is learning

Perfect aspect
The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Famblolwarbian uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Suffix -anf yufteanf /jufˈtɛanf/ have learned

Vocabulary

Nouns

Definite	If ends with vowel: Suffix -wf Else: Suffix -uwf shmamsteysuwf /ʃmamsˈtɛjsuwf/ the dog
Indefinite	Suffix -arm shmamsteysarm /ʃmamsˈtɛjsarm/ a dog

Articles

Famblolwarbian encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.

Pronouns

1st singular	tr̀i /tɾi/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	i /i/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	ṣosk /ʂɔsk/ he, him, his, it, its
3rd singular fem	gwlust /gwlust/ she, her, hers, it, its
1st plural	chtu /ʧtu/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	dfe /dfɛ/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural	li /li/ they, them, theirs

Possessive determiners

1st singular	tr̀i /tɾi/ my
2nd singular	i /i/ your
3rd singular masc	ṣosk /ʂɔsk/ his
3rd singular fem	gwlust /gwlust/ her
1st plural	chtu /ʧtu/ our
2nd plural	dfe /dfɛ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	li /li/ their

Verbs

	Future
1st person	If ends with vowel: Suffix -wɾ Else: Suffix -uwɾ yuftewr̀ /jufˈtɛwɾ/ (I/we) will learn
2nd person	If ends with vowel: Suffix -gʃ Else: Suffix -agʃ yuftegsh /jufˈtɛgʃ/ (you/you all) will learn
3rd person	Suffix -aft yufteaft /jufˈtɛaft/ (he/she/it/they) will learn

Famblolwarbian uses a standalone particle word for past tense:

Past	Particle before the verb: ɛ - e yufte /ɛ jufˈtɛ/ learned

Imperfective aspect
The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).
Famblolwarbian uses an affix for imperfective:

Imperfective

Suffix -ɛɾ yufteer̀ /jufˈtɛɛɾ/ learns/is learning

Perfect aspect
The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Famblolwarbian uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Suffix -anf yufteanf /jufˈtɛanf/ have learned

Famblolwarbian has a base-10 number system:

• 1-nawf
• 2 - mill
• 3 - a
• 4 - syo
• 5 - ers
• 6 - hwe
• 7 - ashd
• 8 - tha
• 9 - lisk
• 10 - ṣwi
• 11 - ṣwinawf “ten-one”
• 100 - henf “hundred”
• 101 - henf nawf “hundred one”
• 200 - mill henf
• 1000 - shmarnu “thousand”

Sentence Structure

Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary opened the door with a key. Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun. Adposition: prepositions

Nouns

Definite	If ends with vowel: Suffix -wf Else: Suffix -uwf shmamsteysuwf /ʃmamsˈtɛjsuwf/ the dog
Indefinite	Suffix -arm shmamsteysarm /ʃmamsˈtɛjsarm/ a dog

Articles

Famblolwarbian encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.

Pronouns

1st singular	tr̀i /tɾi/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	i /i/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	ṣosk /ʂɔsk/ he, him, his, it, its
3rd singular fem	gwlust /gwlust/ she, her, hers, it, its
1st plural	chtu /ʧtu/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	dfe /dfɛ/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural	li /li/ they, them, theirs

Possessive determiners

1st singular	tr̀i /tɾi/ my
2nd singular	i /i/ your
3rd singular masc	ṣosk /ʂɔsk/ his
3rd singular fem	gwlust /gwlust/ her
1st plural	chtu /ʧtu/ our
2nd plural	dfe /dfɛ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	li /li/ their

Verbs

	Future
1st person	If ends with vowel: Suffix -wɾ Else: Suffix -uwɾ yuftewr̀ /jufˈtɛwɾ/ (I/we) will learn
2nd person	If ends with vowel: Suffix -gʃ Else: Suffix -agʃ yuftegsh /jufˈtɛgʃ/ (you/you all) will learn
3rd person	Suffix -aft yufteaft /jufˈtɛaft/ (he/she/it/they) will learn

Famblolwarbian uses a standalone particle word for past tense:

Past	Particle before the verb: ɛ - e yufte /ɛ jufˈtɛ/ learned

Imperfective aspect
The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).
Famblolwarbian uses an affix for imperfective:

Imperfective

Suffix -ɛɾ yufteer̀ /jufˈtɛɛɾ/ learns/is learning

Perfect aspect
The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Famblolwarbian uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Dictionary

2605 Words.