Talmiran

Natively known as: Talmiran /ˈtalmiran/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
ze nor tolon mefa nor maran ze zizo nor zitar noze ja zizofan
Pronunciation: /ʣe nor ˈtolon ˈmefa nor ˈmaran ʣe ˈʣizo nor ˈʣitar ˈnoze ja ˈʣizofan/
Talmiran word order: and he stood holding hat his and turned his face wet to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: /b f g j l m n r t z ʣ/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	m		n
Stop	b		t		g
Affricate			ʣ
Fricative		f	z
Approximant				j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Vowel inventory: /a e i o/

	Front	Back
High	i
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable
Word initial consonants: g, j, m, n, t, ʣ
Mid-word consonants: b, f, g, j, l, m, n, r, t, z, ʣ
Word final consonants: N/A

Phonological changes (in order of application):

• l → r / C_
• m → n / _#
• ja → e / r_#
• n → t / #_
• r → h / C_
• m → n / V_#
• t → ʧ / _{i,ı̃}
• N → w / S_S
• r → t / _n

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ʣ	z

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject-Verb-Object-Oblique. "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: prepositions

Nouns

Nouns form plural with separate plural word:

Plural

ga /ga/ plural particle

Definite	If starts with vowel: Prefix g- Else: Prefix ga- gagi /ˈgagi/
Indefinite	Prefix a- aagi /ˈaagi/

Articles

Talmiran encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.

Pronouns

1st singular	a /a/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	gon /gon/ you, yours
3rd singular	nor /nor/ he, she, him, her, his, hers, it, its
1st plural	na /na/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	me /me/ you (all), yours
3rd plural	zor /ʣor/ they, them, theirs

Possessive determiners

1st singular	a /a/ my
2nd singular	gon /gon/ your
3rd singular	nor /nor/ his, her, its
1st plural	na /na/ our
2nd plural	gon /gon/ your
3rd plural	zor /ʣor/ their

Verbs

	Present	Past	Remote past
1st singular	No affix giji /ˈgiji/ (I) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix g- Else: Prefix ga- gagiji /ˈgagiji/ (I) learned	Prefix te- tegiji /ˈtegiji/ (I) learned (long ago)
2nd singular	No affix giji /ˈgiji/ (you) learn	Prefix na- nagiji /ˈnagiji/ (you) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix n- Else: Prefix na- nagiji /ˈnagiji/ (you) learned (long ago)
3rd singular	No affix giji /ˈgiji/ (he/she/it) learns	If starts with vowel: Prefix j- Else: Prefix je- jegiji /ˈjegiji/ (he/she/it) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix m- Else: Prefix me- megiji /ˈmegiji/ (he/she/it) learned (long ago)
1st plural	No affix giji /ˈgiji/ (we) learn	Prefix ja- jagiji /ˈjagiji/ (we) learned	Prefix mo- mogiji /ˈmogiji/ (we) learned (long ago)
2nd plural	No affix giji /ˈgiji/ (you all) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix n- Else: Prefix ni- nigiji /ˈnigiji/ (you all) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix n- Else: Prefix no- nogiji /ˈnogiji/ (you all) learned (long ago)
3rd plural	Prefix ni- nigiji /ˈnigiji/ (they) learn	Prefix a- agiji /ˈagiji/ (they) learned	Prefix ʣi- zigiji /ˈʣigiji/ (they) learned (long ago)

Talmiran uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

no /no/ will

Imperfective aspect

The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day). Talmiran uses an affix for imperfective:

Imperfective

If starts with vowel: Prefix j- Else: Prefix je- jegiji /ˈjegiji/ is learning

Numbers

Talmiran has a base-10 number system:
1 - jer
2 - jen
3 - an
4 - tan
5 - gomi
6 - ner
7 - ginan
8 - non
9 - ir
10 - zizonen ten
11 - zizonen ten ze jer “ten and one”
100 - mazore “hundred”
101 - mazore ze jer “hundred and one”
200 - jen mazore
1000 - ea “thousand”

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Prefix a-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix g-
Else: Prefix gi-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix n-
Else: Prefix no-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix ji-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix a-
Noun → verb (to create [noun]) = Prefix a-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ʣ-
Else: Prefix ʣi-
Verb → adjective (likely to do [verb]) = Prefix ni-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ʣ-
Else: Prefix ʣe-
Verb → noun that verb physically produces (e.g. build → building) = Prefix a-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix to-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix t-
Else: Prefix ta-
Diminutive = Prefix a-
Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix m-
Else: Prefix ma-

Dictionary

4366 Words.

Common Female Names

Aboba, Zinoza, Nezoma, Gima, Tozoga
Nemoti, Mezi, Mi, Milobi, Tiroti

Common Male Names

Jazonin, Mefan, Meboton, Mofojin
Tiroter, Abobar, Nezomar, Tozogar

Common Unisex Names

Family names are derived from professions, locations or symbols a family was or is known for. For example: the family Gezezajegi /ˈgeʣeʣajegi/ (wood + act-of-cutting) is a woodcutters family.