Sexuality
Note: This is focused on Human attitudes towards sexuality. Kitsune and other races may have slightly differing views but usually adopt at least some of the customs of the local human population they live amongst.
Both Sakurans and Imperials alike have fairly relaxed attitudes regarding nudity. Public mixed gender bathing is not unusual.
Public nudity is considered more inappropriate/rude than outright offensive or taboo.
Premarital sex is common for all genders and not frowned upon. There is little value placed in virginity even for noble women but a prior pregnancy could hurt their chances of marriage.
Homosexuality for men and women is also relatively common and considered a safer alternative for premarital or extramarital sex since there's little risk of pregnancy but the norm is still for heterosexual marriages. Same-sex marriage still happens and is considered more strange than a serious concern. Fairly open attitudes towards adoption also means that a same-sex marriage doesn't necessarily mean the end of a family; and in many situations noble, and merchant families pick their successors by simply adopting a promising servant/retainer.
The act of prostitution is also not considered inherently bad in and of itself, neither is sleeping with a prostitute. Being in debt and other circumstances that might force someone into prostituting themselves would be what people would frown upon. Geisha (not prostitutes but known for occasionally entertaining favorite patrons) and Oiran (upper class prostitutes who can be quite choosey with their clients) are often treated as minor celebrities and can easily intermingle even among nobles without being looked down upon. Nobles might even openly brag about a relationship with a famous Geisha or Oiran. Its also not unheard of for nobles themselves to work as Geisha or (less commonly) Oiran.
In terms of religion, sex is not considered a sin by any of the Kami and some places might even hold sexually themed festivals. There are even the rare rituals or exorcisms which might involve a sexual act. There is very little religious taboo related to sex. Priests and priestesses alike have sexual relationships even if their particular sect forbids marriage. Wandering priestesses are sometimes even referred to as 'aruki miko' (walking shrine-maiden) who were known for wandering from place to place offering religious services but also prostituting themselves to pay for themselves and raise funds for their shrines or temples if they were especially poor. Such priestesses are not usually looked down upon and in fact might be treated similarly to Oiran. The Lord in charge of the domain where the impoverished temple is located might be seen in a poor light though for failing to meet their obligations to the Kami. Some priestesses might also just choose to travel and prostitute themselves for their own reasons or to fund a pilgrimage. Note that Buddhist monks may actually be celibate but that has more to do with their views around any worldly excess and not specifically sex.
Extramarital affairs are also relatively common but often depends on social status. Nobles and other upper class individuals (men and women alike) might enjoy the physical companionship of their servants but it would be heavily frowned upon for them to treat those individuals as actual romantic partners. Though it still happens and upper class nobles in marriages arranged for political purposes often have a favorite 'servant' that attends them. Lords/Ladies, Daimyos, Princes/Princesses and other especially powerful individuals might simply take multiple spouses, lovers etc completely openly and no one would consider it unusual or inappropriate.
Commoners often engage in a practice known as "yobai" where men or women will sneak into the rooms of someone they're interested in at night and make their intentions known. This is usually more of a rural practice but young nobles have been known to do it for the thrill of sneaking past guards to reach their target. Usually the guards would already know about the visitor and politely pretend not to notice. Similarly for commoners their family members will generally pretend not to notice the late night guest. The practice is not popular or even heard of in more populated places like cities. The 'rules' on who can be visited also vary from anyone of age is fair game, to only unmarried men may visit unmarried women, to anyone may visit widowers, to any other imaginable combination. Some villages might also restrict the practice to only within the village so visitors aren't welcome, others might have exactly the opposite approach and only visitors are allowed, or somewhere in between. A village with a shortage of men but surplus of women might even be quite shameless in offering to provide food and lodgings for a capable looking traveler in the bedroom of one of their unmarried women in the hopes of convincing them to settle down in the village.
Children born out of wedlock to nobles are often treated as legitimate, but if for some reason they can't be then they are generally given up to various temples or shrines along with a suitable donation. The children will be raised as monks, priests/priestesses, or simply adopted out. Children born out of wedlock to commoners are usually just accepted without question or if the parent is unable to care for them they might be taken in by family. If there are no other options then they are often left at the gates of the local Lord's castle where they would be taken in and raised as wards of the Lord until they are of suitable age to be taken on as a retainer, adopted out to one of the Lord's retainers, or married off to one of the retainers or their children.
None of this is to say that cheating or unfaithfulness is socially acceptable. There is a lot of value placed in honor among the samurai and noble classes and the commoners naturally aspire to similar ideals even if they're not generally considered to achieve them. Cheating on your spouse is very much considered dishonorable behavior. Most of the open attitudes on sex, prostitution, extra/premarital on the basis of it being an open secret or people choosing to look the other way. The practice of 'yobai' for example inherently requires sneaking around and while its common for people to look the other way there is always the risk that the individual sneaking in runs into a jealous spouse or protective parent and then they'd have as little protection as any intruder found in someone else's home. Geisha, Oiran or Aruki Miko are respectable because they are seen as primarily offering entertainment or religious services but may be open to other things. Common prostitutes who simply engage in sex for money and offer nothing else are still seen as extremely low class and desperate individuals. The openness works on a basis of everything being fine as long as it isn't a problem and no one objects. If it becomes a problem then Sakurans and Imperials alike can suddenly become very judgmental towards cheaters, or overly promiscuous individuals who are causing a lot of conflict in their community.
Public nudity is considered more inappropriate/rude than outright offensive or taboo.
Premarital sex is common for all genders and not frowned upon. There is little value placed in virginity even for noble women but a prior pregnancy could hurt their chances of marriage.
Homosexuality for men and women is also relatively common and considered a safer alternative for premarital or extramarital sex since there's little risk of pregnancy but the norm is still for heterosexual marriages. Same-sex marriage still happens and is considered more strange than a serious concern. Fairly open attitudes towards adoption also means that a same-sex marriage doesn't necessarily mean the end of a family; and in many situations noble, and merchant families pick their successors by simply adopting a promising servant/retainer.
The act of prostitution is also not considered inherently bad in and of itself, neither is sleeping with a prostitute. Being in debt and other circumstances that might force someone into prostituting themselves would be what people would frown upon. Geisha (not prostitutes but known for occasionally entertaining favorite patrons) and Oiran (upper class prostitutes who can be quite choosey with their clients) are often treated as minor celebrities and can easily intermingle even among nobles without being looked down upon. Nobles might even openly brag about a relationship with a famous Geisha or Oiran. Its also not unheard of for nobles themselves to work as Geisha or (less commonly) Oiran.
In terms of religion, sex is not considered a sin by any of the Kami and some places might even hold sexually themed festivals. There are even the rare rituals or exorcisms which might involve a sexual act. There is very little religious taboo related to sex. Priests and priestesses alike have sexual relationships even if their particular sect forbids marriage. Wandering priestesses are sometimes even referred to as 'aruki miko' (walking shrine-maiden) who were known for wandering from place to place offering religious services but also prostituting themselves to pay for themselves and raise funds for their shrines or temples if they were especially poor. Such priestesses are not usually looked down upon and in fact might be treated similarly to Oiran. The Lord in charge of the domain where the impoverished temple is located might be seen in a poor light though for failing to meet their obligations to the Kami. Some priestesses might also just choose to travel and prostitute themselves for their own reasons or to fund a pilgrimage. Note that Buddhist monks may actually be celibate but that has more to do with their views around any worldly excess and not specifically sex.
Extramarital affairs are also relatively common but often depends on social status. Nobles and other upper class individuals (men and women alike) might enjoy the physical companionship of their servants but it would be heavily frowned upon for them to treat those individuals as actual romantic partners. Though it still happens and upper class nobles in marriages arranged for political purposes often have a favorite 'servant' that attends them. Lords/Ladies, Daimyos, Princes/Princesses and other especially powerful individuals might simply take multiple spouses, lovers etc completely openly and no one would consider it unusual or inappropriate.
Commoners often engage in a practice known as "yobai" where men or women will sneak into the rooms of someone they're interested in at night and make their intentions known. This is usually more of a rural practice but young nobles have been known to do it for the thrill of sneaking past guards to reach their target. Usually the guards would already know about the visitor and politely pretend not to notice. Similarly for commoners their family members will generally pretend not to notice the late night guest. The practice is not popular or even heard of in more populated places like cities. The 'rules' on who can be visited also vary from anyone of age is fair game, to only unmarried men may visit unmarried women, to anyone may visit widowers, to any other imaginable combination. Some villages might also restrict the practice to only within the village so visitors aren't welcome, others might have exactly the opposite approach and only visitors are allowed, or somewhere in between. A village with a shortage of men but surplus of women might even be quite shameless in offering to provide food and lodgings for a capable looking traveler in the bedroom of one of their unmarried women in the hopes of convincing them to settle down in the village.
Children born out of wedlock to nobles are often treated as legitimate, but if for some reason they can't be then they are generally given up to various temples or shrines along with a suitable donation. The children will be raised as monks, priests/priestesses, or simply adopted out. Children born out of wedlock to commoners are usually just accepted without question or if the parent is unable to care for them they might be taken in by family. If there are no other options then they are often left at the gates of the local Lord's castle where they would be taken in and raised as wards of the Lord until they are of suitable age to be taken on as a retainer, adopted out to one of the Lord's retainers, or married off to one of the retainers or their children.
None of this is to say that cheating or unfaithfulness is socially acceptable. There is a lot of value placed in honor among the samurai and noble classes and the commoners naturally aspire to similar ideals even if they're not generally considered to achieve them. Cheating on your spouse is very much considered dishonorable behavior. Most of the open attitudes on sex, prostitution, extra/premarital on the basis of it being an open secret or people choosing to look the other way. The practice of 'yobai' for example inherently requires sneaking around and while its common for people to look the other way there is always the risk that the individual sneaking in runs into a jealous spouse or protective parent and then they'd have as little protection as any intruder found in someone else's home. Geisha, Oiran or Aruki Miko are respectable because they are seen as primarily offering entertainment or religious services but may be open to other things. Common prostitutes who simply engage in sex for money and offer nothing else are still seen as extremely low class and desperate individuals. The openness works on a basis of everything being fine as long as it isn't a problem and no one objects. If it becomes a problem then Sakurans and Imperials alike can suddenly become very judgmental towards cheaters, or overly promiscuous individuals who are causing a lot of conflict in their community.
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