Arresi (ɑˈɹɛsi)

Natively known as: ɑɹɛsi /ɑˈɹɛsi/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
e sru pracarta gos tarbe tro e cua gos igrin pun ven clol
Pronunciation: /e sɾu pɾaˈkaɾta gos ˈtaɾbe tɾo e kwa gos ˈigɾin pun ven klol /
Arresi word order: and stood holding his hat he and turned his wet face the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g k l m n p r s t w x ɲ ɾ ʎ ʧ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	m		n		ɲ
Stop	p b		t d			k g
Affricate				ʧ
Fricative		f	s			x
Tap			ɾ
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l		ʎ

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a e i o u

	Front	Back
High	i	u
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɾ	r
ʎ	y / #_
ʎ	ll
kw	cu
k	c
ʧ	ch
ɲ	ñ
x	g / _{e,i}
x	j

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Grammar

Main word order: Verb Object (Prepositional phrase) Subject. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Opened the door with a key Mary.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have four cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.

Nominative	No affix duspun /ˈduspun/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	If starts with vowel: Prefix g- Else: Prefix go- goduspun /goˈduspun/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	Prefix xe- geduspun /xeˈduspun/ dogʼs
Dative	If starts with vowel: Prefix kw- Else: Prefix kwa- cuaduspun /kwaˈduspun/ to (the/a) dog

Singular	No affix duspun /ˈduspun/ dog
Plural	Prefix e- eduspun /eˈduspun/ dogs

Articles

Definite	gred /gɾed/ the
Indefinite	i /i/ a, some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’
• Used for languages: ‘The English’

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific countable nouns: non-specific means ‘I am looking for a (any) girl in a red dress’, whereas specific means ‘I am looking for a (particular) girl in a red dress’

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative
1st singular	pi /pi/ I	te /te/ me	sar /saɾ/ mine	mo /mo/ to me
2nd singular	no /no/ you	far /faɾ/ you	pu /pu/ yours	fe /fe/ to you
3rd singular masc	tro /tɾo/ he, it	cen /ken/ him, it	grur /gɾuɾ/ his, its	bol /bol/ to him, at it
3rd singular fem	a /a/ she, it	cles /kles/ her, it	yin /ʎin/ hers, its	crul /kɾul/ to her, at it
1st plural	gan /gan/ we	mu /mu/ us	an /an/ ours	mun /mun/ to us
2nd plural	e /e/ you all	mas /mas/ you all	fle /fle/ yours (pl)	cos /kos/ to you all
3rd plural	pis /pis/ they	u /u/ them	bu /bu/ theirs	re /re/ to them

Possessive determiners

1st singular	el /el/ my
2nd singular	le /le/ your
3rd singular masc	gos /gos/ his
3rd singular fem	dru /dɾu/ her
1st plural	es /es/ our
2nd plural	mad /mad/ your (pl)
3rd plural	ned /ned/ their

Verbs

Present	No affix eri /ˈeri/ learn
Past	If starts with vowel: Prefix kl- Else: Prefix kle- cleri /ˈkleri/ learned
Remote past	Prefix o- oeri /oˈeri/ learned (long ago)

Arresi uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: sɾa - sra eri /sɾa ˈeri/ will learn

Imperfective aspect

The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).
Arresi uses a standalone particle word for imperfective:

Imperfective

Particle before the verb: eɾ - er eri /eɾ ˈeri/ learns/is learning

Numbers

Arresi has a base-10 number system:
1 - pru
2 - li
3 - clear
4 - co
5 - ces
6 - ud
7 - pros
8 - ris
9 - plomer
10 - dra
100 - per
1000 - mola

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If starts with vowel: Prefix kɾ-
Else: Prefix kɾa-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix i-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix p-
Else: Prefix pi-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ʎ-
Else: Prefix ʎa-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If starts with vowel: Prefix m-
Else: Prefix mu-
Noun to verb = Prefix a-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix e-
Tending to = If starts with vowel: Prefix d-
Else: Prefix du-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix k-
Else: Prefix ka-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix o-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix o-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix de-
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix s-
Else: Prefix sa-
Augmentative = Prefix ma-

Dictionary

3074 Words.

Naming conventions

Names are compounds of 2-3 sections.
Common prefixes include Ban, Blal, Blep, Cuo, Ela, Erd, Ett, For, Fup, Gill, Gen, Lles, Lul, Men, Nec, Pac, Pal, Pip, Ran, Ric, Rim, Seg, Ton, Uri, Xav, and Zul.
Common roots include Aba, Adi, Alle, Ane, Aro, Ase, Cal, Cek, Cer, Cul, Dof, Evi, Fer, Fig, Fus, Gas, Glob, Guill, Ina, Ire, Kan, Lal, Lel, Man, Mar, Mep, Mik, Ned, Nen, Non, Nos, Ojo, Ote, Ram, Rel, Rer, Rin, Rot, Rue, Sam, Ser, Sid, Sol, Spi, Sur, Tas, Tof, and Vin.
Common suffixes include Afi, Amo, Ano, Are, Bro, Cen, Ece, Erde, Dal, Den, Gla, Kue, Lem, Nor, Par, Ral, Red, Rim, Ser, Tier, To Tos, and Ule.

• Male names: Anetier, Blalri, Cerred, Cuoda, Doferde, Ettaser, Evinor, Genco, Guillare, Marece, Mencu, Pacekue, Pipsi, Ranedal, Ranonec, Raru, Ricaro, Rimufig, Samule, Segla, Xavire
• Female names: Banadi, Cererim, Elamana, Erdaba, Estasekue, Forane, Inared, Llesina, Maramo, Necalle, Necojo, Rindal, Serafi, Sidaris, Urisol
• Unisex names: Cerama, Forote, Gillespi, Mikano, Vinence

Surnames:

Add prefix to father's name, or ancestors.

	Royal	Noble	Church	Poor	Married
M	Re-	Che-	Ta-	Bo-	N/A
F	Are-	Mi-	Pro-	Cui-	Tec-

Spoken by

• Arres