Dulgur Dunari

The evolved Dunari language used by the Dulgur

Phonology

Consonant inventory: /b d f h j k l m n t w ɣ ɾ ʔ/

↓Manner/Place→ Bilabial Labiodental Alveolar Palatal Velar Labio-velar Glottal Nasal m n Stop b t d k ʔ Fricative f ɣ h Approximant j w Tap ɾ Lateral approximant l Vowel inventory: /a aː ã e eː ẽ i iː ĩ o oː õ u uː ũ ɔ ɔː ɔ̃ ɛ ɛː ɛ̃ ɪ ɪː ɪ̃ ʊ ʊː ʊ̃/



IPA vowel chart

Syllable structure: (C)V(C)(C) ? Stress pattern: No fixed stress ? Word initial consonants: b, d, f, h, j, k, l, m, n, t, w, ɣ, ɾ, ʔ Mid-word consonants: b, bd, bl, d, f, fl, h, j, jk, k, kn, kw, l, m, n, nl, nt, t, w, ɣ, ɾ, ʔ Word final consonants: b, d, f, h, jn, jt, k, kl, kn, kt, l, lb, lt, lʔ, nd, nk, nʔ, t, w, ɣ, ɾ, ɾd



Phonological rules (in order of application): ? k → g / _# t → d / V_ a → e / _# oɣ → ɔːw / _V i → j / _V How to read phonological rules
Spelling rules: Pronunciation Spelling j y ɔ aw ɛ é ɣ x ɪ í ɾ r ʊ ú ʔ ’ ː macron over vowel

Morphology

Adjective → noun = Prefix no- Noun → adjective = If starts with vowel: Prefix t- Else: Prefix tũ- Noun → verb = Prefix joː- Verb → noun = If starts with vowel: Prefix eb- Else: Prefix ebʊː- Verb → adjective = If starts with vowel: Prefix ẽbd- Else: Prefix ẽbdo- Adjective → verb = If starts with vowel: Prefix in- Else: Prefix inã- Adjective → adverb = If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix la- One who Xs (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix no- Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix m- Else: Prefix mi- Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix ij- Else: Prefix ijʊ̃- Augmentative = Prefix wɔː-

Syntax

Noun
Singular Plural Masculine No affix béyt /bɛːjt/ If ends with vowel: Suffix -kɪ Else: Suffix -iːkɪ béytīkí /ˈbɛːjtiːkɪ/ Feminine No affix béyt /bɛːjt/ If ends with vowel: Suffix -kn Else: Suffix -ũkn béytũkn /ˈbɛːjtũkn/ Neuter No affix béyt /bɛːjt/ Suffix -ɪd béytíd /ˈbɛːjtɪd/ Articles
Definite Indefinite Singular wúb /wʊːb/ the fi /fi/ a Plural awyt /ɔjt/ the mawkn /mɔkn/ some

Pronouns
1st singular hērd /heːɾd/ I, me 2nd singular rōl /ɾoːl/ you 3rd singular masc lé /lɛ/ he, him, it 3rd singular fem wũ /wũ/ she, her, it 1st plural xawl’ /ɣɔːlʔ/ we, us 2nd plural kí /kɪ/ you (all) 3rd plural masc ’o /ʔo/ they, them (masculine) 3rd plural fem ni /ni/ they, them (feminine)
Verbs Future tense is indicated with the word:

Future particle mu /mu/ future tense particle
Present No affix akn /akn/ Past Suffix -iːw aknīw /ˈakniːw/

Perfect aspect Perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
In Dulgur Dunari, the perfect is constructed with an affix

Perfect If starts with vowel: Prefix w- Else: Prefix wõ- wakn /wakn/

Dictionary

4180 Words.