Vruuv

the language of the Federation

Natively known as: vruuv /vruːv/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
myee shnak khyi shyagee chizh myaja myee kshuv nii khyi vreg zme ri
Pronunciation: /mjøː ʃnɐk xjy ˈçɐgøː cyʒ ˈmjɐɟɐ mjøː kʃuv nyː xjy vrøg zmø ry/
Vruuvian word order: and he hat his holding stood and the wind to his face wet turned

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: c d f g j k m n r s t v x z ç ð ɟ ɲ ʃ ʒ ʝ θ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	m			n		ɲ
Stop				d t		c ɟ	g k
Fricative		f v	θ ð	s z	ʃ ʒ	ç ʝ	x
Approximant						j
Trill				r

Vowel inventory: o oː u uː y yː ø øː ɐ ɐː

	Front	Central	Back
High	y yː		u uː
High-mid	ø øː		o oː
Near-low		ɐ ɐː

Syllable structure: (C)(C)V(C) ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɐ	a
ø	e
y	i
θ	th
ʒ	zh
ð	dh
j	y
ʃ	sh
ɟ	j
ʝ	ẙ
ɲ	ny
ç	shy
c	ch
x	kh
Vː	VV

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject (Prepositional phrase) Object Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary with a key the door opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have five cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.
• Locative is the location of something: man is in town.

Nouns form plural with separate plural word:

Plural

Particle before the noun: tø - te myer /tø mjør/ dogs

Nominative	No affix myer /mjør/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	Suffix -ɐːd myeraad /ˈmjørɐːd/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	If ends with vowel: Suffix -v Else: Suffix -øːv myereev /ˈmjørøːv/ dogʼs
Dative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -cɐ Else: Suffix -ocɐ myerocha /mjøˈrocɐ/ to dog
Locative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɲuː Else: Suffix -ɐɲuː myeranyuu /mjøˈrɐɲuː/ near/at/by dog

Articles

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	kmo /kmo/ the	kyo /kjo/ a
Plural	gyuu /gjuː/ the	muu /muː/ some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Definite article can be omitted: ‘I am going to supermarket’
• Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’
• Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative	Locative
1st singular	nyya /ɲjɐ/ I	kshum /kʃum/ me	dro /dro/ mine	dru /dru/ to me	shyyik /çjyk/ to me
2nd singular	o /o/ you	yu /ju/ you	treeg /trøːg/ yours	nyyoo /ɲjoː/ to you	te /tø/ to you
3rd singular masc	shnak /ʃnɐk/ he, it (masc)	khyi /xjy/ his, it (masc)	de /dø/ his, its (masc)	no /no/ to his, to it (masc)	oo /oː/ to his, to it (masc)
3rd singular fem	ta /tɐ/ she, it (fem)	tu /tu/ her, it (fem)	druu /druː/ hers, its (fem)	khaa /xɐː/ to her, to it (fem)	daa /dɐː/ to her, to it (fem)
1st plural	druch /druc/ we	kyuj /kjuɟ/ us	troo /troː/ ours	myoz /mjoz/ to us	dree /drøː/ to us
2nd plural	shni /ʃny/ you all	khyedh /xjøð/ you all	znuẙ /znuʝ/ yours (pl)	zhu /ʒu/ to you all	u /u/ to you all
3rd plural	zmii /zmyː/ they	sri /sry/ them	vrii /vryː/ theirs	vrozh /vroʒ/ to them	taa /tɐː/ to them

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	dro /dro/ my
2nd singular	treeg /trøːg/ your
3rd singular masc	khyi /xjy/ his
3rd singular fem	druu /druː/ her
1st plural	troo /troː/ our
2nd plural	znuẙ /znuʝ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	vrii /vryː/ their

Verbs

	Future
1st singular	Suffix -uð skogyoudh /skoˈgjouð/ (I) will learn
2nd singular	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ð Else: Suffix -øð skogyodh /ˈskogjoð/ (you) will learn
3rd singular	Suffix -ur skogyour /skoˈgjour/ (he/she/it) will learn
1st plural	Suffix -ox skogyookh /skoˈgjoox/ (we) will learn
2nd plural	Suffix -oc skogyooch /skoˈgjooc/ (you all) will learn
3rd plural	Suffix -ø skogyoe /skoˈgjoø/ (they) will learn

Vruuvian uses a standalone particle word for past tense:

Past	Particle before the verb: ʃɐː - shaa skogyo /ʃɐː ˈskogjo/ learned

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Vruuvian uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Reduplicate first part of first syllable skoskogyo /skosˈkogjo/ have learned

Numbers

Vruuvian has a base-20 number system:
1 - nre
2 - kkhi
3 - troony
4 - gyoo
5 - dzhiiz
6 - vromat
7 - knud
8 - yuu
9 - schoo
10 - khyuuf
11 - yo
12 - nyyaẙ
13 - shyochta
14 - chuu
15 - dzhaa
16 - chee
17 - kshuu
18 - kshoo
19 - knaa
20 - myu
400 - zmaa
8000 - shnuu

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -øv
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -m
Else: Suffix -om
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -oːn
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -øːɟ
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -yː
Noun to verb = Suffix -ɐ
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -øː
Tending to = Suffix -of
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -c
Else: Suffix -uc
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ð
Else: Suffix -oð
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -oːʒ
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -d
Else: Suffix -oːd
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -k
Else: Suffix -oːk
Augmentative = Suffix -yːf

Geographical Distribution

This language family is used by members of the Federation to the west of the continent of Fuma.

Dictionary

3087 Words.