Ishani

Natively known as: Iʃanii /ˈiʃaˌnii/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
juːks ɒː ɒːre mærs ʒet væssɒː juːks ɒːk ʒet juːxte vændɒːʔ pæ qæl

Pronunciation: /juːks ɒː ˈɒːre mærs ʒet ˈvæssɒː juːks ɒːk ʒet ˈjuːxte ˈvændɒːʔ pæ qæl/
Ishani word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind

---

Phonology

Syllable structure: Variable
Stress pattern: No fixed stress
Word initial consonants: b, d, f, g, gr, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, x, z, ɣ, ʃ, ʒ, ʒl, ʒm, ʔ, ʤ, ʧ
Mid-word consonants: b, bl, bs, d, dr, dw, dx, dʤ, f, ff, fɣ, g, gn, gr, h, hd, hl, hm, hr, ht, k, kk, ks, kstr, kt, kʷ, l, lb, ll, lm, lt, lw, lʔ, m, mh, mk, mkʷ, mm, mn, mp, mr, mt, mtʃ, n, nb, nd, nf, ng, nh, nj, nk, nkʷ, nn, ns, nst, nt, nw, nɣ, nʔ, nʤ, p, pp, ps, pt, qd, qt, r, rb, rf, rh, rk, rm, rn, rp, rr, rs, rt, rw, rz, rʔ, rʤ, s, sj, sk, skʷ, sl, sp, sr, ss, st, stg, str, sv, sx, sʤ, t, tr, tt, tʃ, v, vz, w, x, xs, xt, xtʃ, z, zg, zh, ɣ, ɣj, ʃ, ʃk, ʃt, ʒ, ʔ, ʔr, ʤ
Word final consonants: None

Phonological changes (in order of application):

• N → h / _S
• k → j / _s#
• m → n / _f
• C → Ø / _#
• n → ŋ / _{k,g}

---

Morphology

Adjective → adverb = Prefix uː-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ed- Else: Prefix ediː-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix iː-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ʃ- Else: Prefix ʃæ-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɒːsk- Else: Prefix ɒːskuː-
Noun → verb (to create [noun]) = Prefix æ-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɒːst- Else: Prefix ɒːstæ-
Verb → adjective (likely to do [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix gr- Else: Prefix griː-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix tɒː-
Verb → noun that verb physically produces (e.g. build → building) = Prefix tɒː-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix ɒː-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix uːbl- Else: Prefix uːblo-
Diminutive = Prefix ʤo-
Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix enb- Else: Prefix enbo-

---

Syntax

Main word order: Subject-Verb-Object-Oblique. "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions

Nouns

Singular	No affix ʤoʤ /ʤoʤ/ dog
Plural	If ends with vowel: Suffix -nk Else: Suffix -ɒːnk ʤoʤɒːnk /ˈʤoʤɒːnk/ dogs

Articles

Ishani has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.

Pronouns

1st singular	ʒlol /ʒlol/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	diːr /diːr/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	ɒː /ɒː/ he, him, his
3rd singular fem	rob /rob/ she, her, hers
1st plural	gre /gre/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	ko /ko/ you (all), yours
3rd plural	niː /niː/ they, them, theirs

Possessive determiners

1st singular	tɒː /tɒː/ my
2nd singular	ʒlo /ʒlo/ your
3rd singular masc	ʒet /ʒet/ his
3rd singular fem	mebz /mebz/ her
1st plural	suː /suː/ our
2nd plural	mæ /mæ/ your
3rd plural	diːr /diːr/ their

Verbs

	Singular	Plural
Present	Prefix xe- xemersiː /ˈxemersiː/ (I/you/he/she) studies	If ends with vowel: Suffix -blo Else: Suffix -æblo mersiːblo /merˈsiːblo/ (we/they) study
Past	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʤ Else: Suffix -æʤ mersiːʤ /ˈmersiːʤ/ (I/you/he/she) studied	Suffix -æ mersiːæ /ˈmersiːæ/ (we/they) studied
Remote past	Suffix -e mersiːe /merˈsiːe/ (I/you/he/she) studied (long ago)	Prefix ʔæ- ʔæmersiː /ʔæˈmersiː/ (we/they) studied (long ago)

Ishani uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

ɣiː /ɣiː/ will

Perfect aspect
The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Ishani uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

If ends with vowel: Suffix -sxæ Else: Suffix -ɒːsxæ mersiːsxæ /merˈsiːsxæ/

---

Numbers

Ishani has a base-10 number system:

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
jæ	suːr	do	ʤuː	fiː	ɒːbæd	tɒːt	mɒːst	ellont	gres
11	20	21	100	101	200	211	251	1000	2100
gres juːks jæ	suːr gres	suːr gres juːks jæ	jæ romriː	jæ romriː jæ	suːr romriː	suːr romriː gres juːks jæ	suːr romriː fiː gres juːks jæ	jæ mæbz	suːr jæ mæbz jæ romriː
ten and one	two tens	ten tens and one	one hundred	one hundred one	two hundreds	two hundreds ten and one	two hundreds five tens and one	one thousand	two thousands one hundred.

---

Phonetics

Consonant inventory: /b d f g h j k kʷ l m n p q r s t v w x z ɣ ʃ ʒ ʔ ʤ ʧ/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	p b		t d			k kʷ g	q	ʔ
Affricate				ʧ ʤ
Fricative		f v	s z	ʃ ʒ		x ɣ		h
Approximant					j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labio-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: /e iː o uː æ ɒː/

	Front	Back
High	iː	uː
High-mid	e	o
Near-low	æ
Low		ɒː

http://ipa-reader.xyz/
Conchita

To hear the language as envisioned by the creators:

• select the link above
• change the 'speaker' to the name indicated
• paste the pronunciation into the field
• click on the read button

Dictionary

4323 Words.

Spoken by

• Bludjok
• Ishani