Ability Scores and Modifiers

Each o f a creature’s abilities has a score, a number that defines the magnitude o f that ability. An ability score is not just a measure o f innate capabilities, but also encompasses a creature’s training and competence in activities related to that ability. A score o f 10 or 11 is the normal human average, but adventurers and many m onsters are a cut above average in most abilities. A score o f 18 is the highest that a person usually reaches. Adventurers can have scores as high as 20, and monsters and divine beings can have scores as high as 30. Each ability also has a modifier, derived from the score and ranging from 5 (for an ability score o f 1) to +10 (for a score o f 30). The Ability Scores and Modifiers table notes the ability modifiers for the range o f possible ability scores, from 1 to 30.