On The Proper Use Of Commas

What is a comma? If you use, or are learning, British English, you may have noted that the comma usage varies from American English. Let’s take a look at what they are, how to use them, and the differences between similar punctuation. 
Grammar can be a tricky thing. Each language has its own specific rules. But, those differences are part of what makes language and writing so rich and enjoyable. 

What is a comma?

At the end of a sentence, you will find a full stop. This is an indication that the sentence is over. However, a comma will indicate that you should take a smaller break. And, might also be referred to as a soft pause. It can separate ideas within a sentence, clauses, and words.
There are a few rules about how to use a comma and a few factors that can help you choose if you should use one or not.

When to use them

Some parts of grammar are easy to understand. For example when you should use a capital letter, and when you should use a full stop. 
Here are some key places you should or should not be using a comma.
Comma After Introductory Phrase When you are introducing a sentence, you will most often use a comma. Here is an example:
When the show is over, Richard will come home. 
Clutching her keys, Rachel ran out of the building. 
If the phrase is longer than four words, most often, there should be a comma. If you want to pause for effect, you can also add a comma. 
Before drinking the group said cheers! – Incorrect
Before drinking, the group said cheers! – Correct
As you can see, the lack of a comma here makes a significant impact on what is happening. 

Using them with Subjects and Verbs A comma should not separate a subject and its verb. There are some exceptions to this rule. 
My best friend George, has ginger hair. – Incorrect
My best friend George has ginger hair. – Correct
When speaking these sentences, you would most likely pause for impact. When writing, there shouldn’t be a comma used. 
The longer the sentence, the more complex this can get. 
Driving through the rain, wind, snow, and darkness, is a horrible experience. -  Incorrect
Driving through the rain, wind, snow, and darkness is a horrible experience. – Correct
The extra comma doesn’t add anything and makes the sentence clunky. 

When not to use a comma

Below is an example of when not to use a comma:
READ ABOVE FIRST BEFORE OPENING

Never, gonna, give, you, up,
Never, gonna, let, you, down,
Never, gonna, run, around, and, desert, you,
Never, gonna, make, you, cry,
Never, gonna, say, goodbye,
Never, gonna, tell, a, lie, and, hurt, you,