Xihthil ('xɪθiʎ)

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
xuyč ku kih aelluo čalp fohbheuoš xuyč kih nia ohn thuthuole lae u
Pronunciation: /xɯjʧ kɯ kɪ ˈɛɺlɤ ʧaʎp ˈfɔveɤç xɯjʧ kɪ ɲa ɔn ˈθuθɤle lɛ u/
Xihthilan word order: and he his hat holding stood and his wet face the wind to turned

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: f h j k l m n p v x ç ɣ ɲ ɺ ʃ ʎ ʝ ʤ ʦ ʧ θ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m			n		ɲ
Stop	p						k
Affricate				ʦ	ʧ ʤ
Fricative		f v	θ		ʃ	ç ʝ	x ɣ	h
Approximant						j
Lateral approximant				l		ʎ
Lateral flap				ɺ

Vowel inventory: a e i o u ɔ ɛ ɜ ɤ ɪ ɯ

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		ɯ u
Near-high	ɪ
High-mid	e		ɤ o
Low-mid	ɛ	ɜ	ɔ
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable
Sound changes (in order of application):

• ɲ → n / _#
• ɜ → ə / _#

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɛ	ae
ʧ	č
ʤ	c
ɣ	g
ɪ	ih
ə	e
ɜ	eh
ʎ	l
ɺ	l
ɲ	ni
ɔ	oh
ʃ	ś
ç	š
ʝ	s
θ	th
ɯ	u
ɤ	uo
v	bh
j	y
ʦ	z

---

Grammar

Main word order: Subject Object (Prepositional phrase) Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door with a key opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions

Noun affixes

Singular

	Definite	Indefinite
Nominative	No affix ilg /ilɣ/ the dog (doing the verb)	If ends with vowel: Suffix -θ Else: Suffix -ɤ ilguo /ˈilɣɤ/ a dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʃ Else: Suffix -o ilgo /ˈilɣo/ (verb done to) the dog	Suffix -ɔf ilgohf /ˈilɣɔf/ (verb done to) a dog

Plural

	Definite	Indefinite
Nominative	Suffix -ix ilgix /ˈilɣix/ the dogs (doing the verb)	Prefix hɪ- hihilg /ˈhɪilɣ/ some dogs (doing the verb)
Accusative	Prefix çu- šuilg /ˈçuilɣ/ (verb done to) the dogs	If ends with vowel: Suffix -f Else: Suffix -ɛ ilgae /ˈilɣɛ/ (verb done to) some dogs

Adjective affixes

	Singular	Plural
Definite	No affix en /en/ (the) big (dog)	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʝ Else: Suffix -i enii /ˈeɲi/ (the) big (dogs)
Indefinite	Prefix po- poen /ˈpoen/ (a) big (dog)	If ends with vowel: Suffix -p Else: Suffix -i enii /ˈeɲi/ (some) big (dogs)

Verb affixes

1st person

	Past	Present	Future
Singular	Suffix -ɤʦ lehuyhuuoz /ˈɺɜɯjˌhɯɤʦ/ (I) learned	Prefix ve- bhelehuyhu /ˈveɺɜˌɯjhɯ/ (I) learn	Suffix -ɛʝ lehuyhuaes /ˈɺɜɯjˌhɯɛʝ/ (I) will learn
Plural	If ends with vowel: Suffix -p Else: Suffix -ɜ lehuyhup /ˈɺɜɯjhɯp/ (we) learned	Suffix -ɔh lehuyhuohh /ˈɺɜɯjˌhɯɔh/ (we) learn	Suffix -oθ lehuyhuoth /ˈɺɜɯjˌhɯoθ/ (we) will learn

2nd person

	Past	Present	Future
Singular	Suffix -ɤç lehuyhuuoš /ˈɺɜɯjˌhɯɤç/ (you) learned	Prefix ʃɪ- śihlehuyhu /ˈʃɪɺɜˌɯjhɯ/ (you) learn	Suffix -ɯʤ lehuyhuuc /ˈɺɜɯjˌhɯɯʤ/ (you) will learn
Plural	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʝ Else: Suffix -i lehuyhus /ˈɺɜɯjhɯʝ/ (you all) learned	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɣ Else: Suffix -e lehuyhug /ˈɺɜɯjhɯɣ/ (you all) learn	Prefix ʃɯ- śulehuyhu /ˈʃɯɺɜˌɯjhɯ/ (you all) will learn

3rd person

	Past	Present	Future
Singular	Prefix xi- xilehuyhu /ˈxiɺɜˌɯjhɯ/ (he/she/xe/it/they) learned	Suffix -ɜh lehuyhuehh /ˈɺɜɯjˌhɯɜh/ (he/she/xe/it) learns	Suffix -ɪʃ lehuyhuihś /ˈɺɜɯjˌhɯɪʃ/ (he/she/xe/it/they) will learn
Plural	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʝ Else: Suffix -ɔ lehuyhus /ˈɺɜɯjhɯʝ/ (they) learned	Prefix kɤ- kuolehuyhu /ˈkɤɺɜˌɯjhɯ/ (they) learn	Prefix ʃi- śilehuyhu /ˈʃiɺɜˌɯjhɯ/ (they) will learn

Possessive determiners

1st person

	Singular	Plural
Possessive	yuul /ˈjɯuʎ/ my	ap /ap/ our

2nd person

	Singular	Plural
Possessive	ihbh /ɪv/ your	šuon /çɤn/ your (pl)

3rd person

	Singular	Plural
Possessive	kih /kɪ/ his, her, its, xir, their	lu /ɺu/ their (pl)

Pronouns

Nominative

	Singular	Plural
1st person	zu /ʦɯ/ I	za /ʦa/ we
2nd person	zae /ʦɛ/ you	pil /piɺ/ you all
3rd person	ku /kɯ/ he, she, it, xe, they	ze /ʦe/ they (pl)

Accusative

	Singular	Plural
1st person	zi /ʦi/ me	zo /ʦo/ us
2nd person	up /ɯp/ you	ims /imʝ/ you all
3rd person	ša /ça/ his, her, it, xem, them	bhu /vu/ them (pl)

Numbers

Xihthilan has a base-13 number system:
1 - u
2 - ehthils
3 - šalp
4 - upehp
5 - ihy
6 - hihyš
7 - śuo
8 - šiyš
9 - gihbh
10 - thael
11 - oy
12 - gilc
13 - šuyp
169 - bhup
2197 - ulpu

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -ɔp
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -ɯʦ
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -ef
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix θɔ-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -ɛɣ
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -f
Else: Suffix -o
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix ʃɯ-
Tending to = Suffix -ɯʝ
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix vɯ-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -uʧ
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix ʦa-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -uʤ
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɣ
Else: Suffix -ɯ
Augmentative = Suffix -uʤ
Magic = If ends with L: Suffix -ʦi
If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʦi
Else: Prefix ʦi-

Dictionary

3031 Words.

Common Unisex Names

Xihthilians have no concept of gender. Therefore, all names can be considered unisex.
Gelyae /ˈɣeljɛ/
E /e/
Semp /ʝemp/
Gamuyśho /ˈɣamujʃho/
Aeli /ˈɛʎi/
Elunehlh /ˈeʎunɜʎh/
Zuoiniun /ˈʦɤiɲun/
Ihnc /ɪnʤ/
Śxi /ʃxi/
Fihlaef /ˈfɪɺɛf/