Kaen
Kaen ist jene Sprache, welche im Osten von
Kamrough gesprochen wird und ihren Urpsrung in den ersten Tagen der Blutmagie hat, mit welcher so viel in dieser Gegend von Kamrit verbunden ist.
Natively known as: kaen /kaˈeɳ/
...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
ka tsakava va gegæ kæma e ka a nerekæ ese va kemæ pæma[alt]
Pronunciation: /ka ʦakaˈⱱa ⱱa ɠeˈɠæ kæˈɱa e ka a ɳereˈkæ eˈʂe ⱱa keˈɱæ ɓæˈɱa/
Kaen word order: and holding hat his stood he and to the wind turned his face wet[/alt]
Spelling & Phonology
Consonant inventory: k r t ç ɓ ɠ ɦ ɱ ɳ ʂ ʝ ʦ ⱱ
| ↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | ɱ | ɳ | |||||
| Stop | t | k | |||||
| Implosive | ɓ | ɠ | |||||
| Affricate | ʦ | ||||||
| Fricative | ʂ | ç ʝ | ɦ | ||||
| Tap | ⱱ | ||||||
| Trill | r |
Vowel inventory: a e æ
| Front | |
|---|---|
| High-mid | e |
| Near-low | æ |
| Low | a |
Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable
Word initial consonants: k r t ç ɓ ɠ ɱ ɳ ʂ ʝ ʦ ⱱ
Mid-word consonants: k r t ç ɓ ɠ ɦ ɱ ɳ ʂ ʝ ʦ ⱱ
Word final consonants:
Spelling rules:
| Pronunciation | Spelling |
|---|---|
| ç | sh |
| ɓ | p |
| ɠ | g |
| ɱ | m |
| ɳ | n |
| ʂ | s |
| ʝ | y |
| ʦ | ts |
| ⱱ | v |
Grammar
Main word order: (Prepositional phrase) Verb Subject Object. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into With a key opened Mary the door.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: prepositions
Nouns
Nouns have six cases:
- Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
- Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
- Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
- Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.
- Locative is the location of something: man goes to town.
- Ablative is movement away from something: man walks from town.
| Nominative | No affix shere /çeˈre/ dog (doing the verb) |
| Accusative | Suffix -ra sherera /çereˈra/ (verb done to) dog |
| Genitive | Suffix -ɦæ shereɦæ /çereˈɦæ/ dogʼs |
| Dative | Suffix -ka shereka /çereˈka/ to (the/a) dog |
| Locative | Suffix -re sherere /çereˈre/ near/at/by (the/a) dog |
| Ablative | Suffix -ræ shereræ /çereˈræ/ from (the/a) dog |
| Masculine | Feminine | |
|---|---|---|
| Singular | No affix æshe /æˈçe/ man | No affix sævæ /ʂæˈⱱæ/ woman |
| Plural | Suffix -çe æsheshe /æçeˈçe/ men | Suffix -ɳe sævæne /ʂæⱱæˈɳe/ women |
Articles
Kaen has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.
Pronouns
| Nominative | Accusative | Genitive | Dative | Locative | Ablative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | ke /ke/ I | ta /ta/ me | na /ɳa/ mine | ge /ɠe/ to me | næ /ɳæ/ at me | ma /ɱa/ from me |
| 2nd singular | æ /æ/ you | ra /ra/ you | sæ /ʂæ/ yours | shæ /çæ/ to you | yæ /ʝæ/ at you | pa /ɓa/ from you |
| 3rd singular masc | e /e/ he, it | tæ /tæ/ him, it | te /te/ his, its | tsa /ʦa/ to him, at it | ve /ⱱe/ at him, at it | re /re/ from him, from it |
| 3rd singular fem | ne /ɳe/ she, it | kæ /kæ/ her, it | sa /ʂa/ hers, its | va /ⱱa/ to her, at it | ga /ɠa/ at her, at it | mæ /ɱæ/ from her, from it |
| 1st plural | ye /ʝe/ we | pa /ɓa/ us | mæ /ɱæ/ ours | sha /ça/ to us | se /ʂe/ at us | sha /ça/ from us |
| 2nd plural | ma /ɱa/ you all | ka /ka/ you all | ræ /ræ/ yours (pl) | she /çe/ to you all | me /ɱe/ at you all | va /ⱱa/ from you all |
| 3rd plural masc | gæ /ɠæ/ they (masc) | væ /ⱱæ/ them (masc) | pe /ɓe/ theirs (masc) | ya /ʝa/ to them (masc) | pæ /ɓæ/ at them (masc) | shæ /çæ/ from them (masc) |
| 3rd plural fem | re /re/ they (fem) | a /a/ them (fem) | tse /ʦe/ theirs (fem) | tsæ /ʦæ/ to them (fem) | gæ /ɠæ/ at them (fem) | shæ /çæ/ from them (fem) |
Possessive determiners
| 1st singular | æ /æ/ my |
| 2nd singular | næ /ɳæ/ your |
| 3rd singular masc | va /ⱱa/ his |
| 3rd singular fem | ta /ta/ her |
| 1st plural | e /e/ our |
| 2nd plural | sæ /ʂæ/ your (pl) |
| 3rd plural masc | ye /ʝe/ their (masc) |
| 3rd plural fem | ræ /ræ/ their (fem) |
Verbs
| Future | |
|---|---|
| 1st person | Suffix -ra neæra /ɳeæˈra/ (I/we) will learn |
| 2nd person | Suffix -ɠa neæga /ɳeæˈɠa/ (you/you all) will learn |
| 3rd person | Suffix -te neæte /ɳeæˈte/ (he/she/it/they) will learn |
Kaen uses a standalone particle word for past tense:
| Past | Particle before the verb: ka - ka neæ /ka ɳeˈæ/ learned |
Numbers
Kaen has a base-10 number system:
1 - me
2 - ke
3 - gæ
4 - ma
5 - nave
6 - geæ
7 - yake
8 - eyake
9 - sæya
10 - nekæ
11 - nekæme “ten-one”
100 - me vanæa “one hundred”
101 - me vanæa me “one hundred one”
200 - ke vanæa
1000 - me pæsa “one thousand”
Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = Suffix -ça
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -ɦa
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -ʦæ
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -ɳa
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -ka
Noun to verb = Suffix -ⱱa
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -ⱱa
Tending to = Suffix -ɓa
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -ɳæ
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -ɓæ
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -ça
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -tæ
Diminutive = Suffix -ɱe
Augmentative = Suffix -ɓæ
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