Modern Goblinoid

Natively known as: Mwong /mwoːŋ/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
cho neop peot chweung mwat ren cho peot chwanchon upa myunaep chum nira
Pronunciation: /ʨʰo nʌp pʰʌt ʨʰwɯːŋ mwaːt ɾeːn ʨʰo pʰʌt ˈʨʰwanʨʰoːn uˈpʰa ˈmjunɛp ʨʰum ˈniɾa/
Mwongian word order: and he his hat holding stood and his wet face the wind to turned

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: /d g h j k kʰ m n p pʰ s t tʰ w ŋ ɭ ɾ ʨ ʨʰ/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Alveolar	Retroflex	Alveolo-palatal	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m	n				ŋ
Stop	p pʰ	t tʰ d				k kʰ g
Affricate				ʨ ʨʰ
Fricative		s					h
Approximant					j
Tap		ɾ
Lateral approximant			ɭ

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labio-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: /a aː e eː i iː o oː u uː ɛ ɛː ɯ ɯː ʌ/

	Front	Back
High	i iː	ɯ ɯː u uː
High-mid	e eː	o oː
Low-mid	ɛ ɛː	ʌ
Low	a aː

Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: No fixed stress
Word initial consonants: h, hj, j, k, kj, kw, kʰ, m, mj, mw, n, nj, p, pj, pʰ, pʰj, s, t, tʰ, w, ɾ, ʨ, ʨʰ, ʨʰw
Mid-word consonants: d, g, gj, gw, h, hj, j, k, kk, kkj, kpj, kpʰ, ks, kt, kw, kʨ, kʰ, m, md, mg, mh, mj, mm, mn, mnj, mp, mpʰj, ms, mt, mʨ, mʨʰ, n, nd, ng, ngj, nh, nj, nk, nm, nmj, nn, np, ns, nt, ntʰ, nʨ, nʨʰ, p, pj, pk, ps, pt, pʨ, pʨʰ, pʰ, pʰj, s, t, tk, tt, tʨ, tʨʰ, tʰ, w, ŋ, ŋd, ŋg, ŋgj, ŋh, ŋhj, ŋj, ŋk, ŋm, ŋmj, ŋn, ŋp, ŋpʰ, ŋpʰj, ŋs, ŋʨʰ, ɭd, ɭg, ɭgj, ɭgw, ɭk, ɭm, ɭp, ɭpʰ, ɭpʰj, ɭs, ɭt, ɭtʰ, ɭɭ, ɾ, ɾh, ɾj, ɾw, ʨ, ʨʰ
Word final consonants: k, m, n, p, t, ŋ, ɭ
Phonological changes (in order of application):

• n → Ø / _s

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
#p(?!ʰ)	b
j	y
kʰ	k
pʰ	p
tʰ	t
ŋ	ng
ɛː?	ae
ɭ	l
ɯː?	eu
ɾ	r
ʌ	eo
ʨ	j
ʨʰ	ch
ː

---

Grammar

Main word order: Subject-Object-Oblique-Verb. "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary the door with a key opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions

Nouns

Nouns have six cases:

• Ergative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipeint of something: man gives ball to dog.
• Locative is the location of something: man goes to town.
• Ablative is movement away from something: man walks from town.

Ergative	Prefix ɯ- eupuko /ɯpuˈko/ dog (doing the verb to something)
Absolutive	No affix buko /ˈpuko/ dog (doing the verb not to something)
Genitive	Prefix je- yepuko /jeˈpuko/ dogʼs
Dative	If starts with vowel: Prefix ɛːɾ- Else: Prefix ɛːɾʌ- aereopuko /ˌɛːɾʌˈpuko/ to (the/a) dog
Locative	Prefix i- ipuko /iˈpuko/ near/at/by (the/a) dog
Ablative	If starts with vowel: Prefix oːgj- Else: Prefix oːgjɛ- ogyaepuko /ˌoːgjɛˈpuko/ from (the/a) dog

	Masculine	Feminine
Singular	No affix sontan /ˈsontʰan/ man	No affix jeup /ʨɯːp/ woman
Plural	If starts with vowel: Prefix aɭs- Else: Prefix aɭsa- alsasontan /aɭˌsasonˈtʰan/ men	If starts with vowel: Prefix id- Else: Prefix ida- idajeup /idaˈʨɯːp/ women

Articles

Definite	ta /ta/ the
Indefinite	wi /wi/ a, some

Pronouns

	Ergative	Absolutive	Genitive	Dative	Locative	Ablative
1st singular	raem /ɾɛːm/ I	ka /ka/ me, I	ket /ket/ mine	i /i/ to me	kyon /kjon/ at me	a /a/ from me
2nd singular	chwang /ʨʰwaŋ/ you	yeng /jeŋ/ you	heun /hɯːn/ yours	eu /ɯ/ to you	nyeu /njɯ/ at you	kaen /kɛn/ from you
3rd singular masc	neop /nʌp/ he	hal /haɭ/ him, he	peot /pʰʌt/ his	keo /kʌ/ to him	nim /nim/ at him	teo /tʌ/ from him
3rd singular fem	weo /wʌ/ she	mwa /mwaː/ her, she	wit /wit/ hers	tit /tit/ to her	kwaeng /kwɛŋ/ at her	sol /soɭ/ from her
1st plural	byam /pjam/ we	jaem /ʨɛːm/ us, we	myul /mjuɭ/ ours	jop /ʨop/ to us	ta /ta/ at us	ang /aŋ/ from us
2nd plural	kyu /kjuː/ you (all)	pyu /pʰjuː/ you (all)	myom /mjom/ yours	hyet /hjet/ to you (all)	bya /pja/ at you (all)	kun /kun/ from you (all)
3rd plural masc	ko /kʰoː/ they	o /o/ them, they	bo /po/ theirs	bem /pem/ to them	jeup /ʨɯːp/ at them	saek /sɛːk/ from them
3rd plural fem	mwo /mwoː/ they	cheu /ʨʰɯ/ them, they	keu /kɯ/ theirs	myo /mjo/ to them	chung /ʨʰuŋ/ at them	tap /tʰap/ from them

Possessive determiners

1st singular	ket /ket/ my
2nd singular	heun /hɯːn/ your
3rd singular masc	peot /pʰʌt/ his
3rd singular fem	wit /wit/ her
1st plural	myul /mjuɭ/ our
2nd plural	heun /hɯːn/ your
3rd plural masc	bo /po/ their
3rd plural fem	bo /po/ their

Verbs

	Present	Past	Remote past	Future
1st singular	If starts with vowel: Prefix uːn- Else: Prefix uːniː- unisonha /uːˌniːsonˈha/ (I) study	Prefix i- isonha /iˈsonha/ (I) studied	If starts with vowel: Prefix w- Else: Prefix wi- wisonha /wiˈsonha/ (I) studied (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix oːɭɭ- Else: Prefix oːɭɭoː- ollosonha /ˌoːɭɭoːˈsonha/ (I) will study
2nd singular	No affix sonha /ˈsonha/ (you) study	If starts with vowel: Prefix pʰj- Else: Prefix pʰjɛː- pyaesonha /pʰjɛːˈsonha/ (you) studied	Prefix aː- asonha /aːsonˈha/ (you) studied (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix pʰj- Else: Prefix pʰjeː- pyesonha /pʰjeːsonˈha/ (you) will study
3rd singular masc	No affix sonha /sonˈha/ (he) studies	If starts with vowel: Prefix j- Else: Prefix jaː- yasonha /jaːˈsonha/ (he) studied	Prefix na- nasonha /naˈsonha/ (he) studied (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix aːʨ- Else: Prefix aːʨɛ- ajaesonha /aːˌʨɛsonˈha/ (he) will study
3rd singular fem	If starts with vowel: Prefix oːntʰ- Else: Prefix oːntʰoː- ontosonha /oːnˌtʰoːsonˈha/ (she) studies	Prefix uː- usonha /uːˈsonha/ (she) studied	If starts with vowel: Prefix j- Else: Prefix je- yesonha /jeˈsonha/ (she) studied (long ago)	Prefix oː- osonha /oːˈsonha/ (she) will study
1st plural	No affix sonha /ˈsonha/ (we) study	If starts with vowel: Prefix ɯːŋgj- Else: Prefix ɯːŋgjaː- eunggyasonha /ɯːŋˌgjaːsonˈha/ (we) studied	Prefix a- asonha /aˈsonha/ (we) studied (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix oŋmj- Else: Prefix oŋmjeː- ongmyesonha /ˌoŋmjeːˈsonha/ (we) will study
2nd plural	No affix sonha /ˈsonha/ (you all) study	If starts with vowel: Prefix ans- Else: Prefix ansa- ansasonha /ˌansaˈsonha/ (you all) studied	Prefix u- usonha /uˈsonha/ (you all) studied (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix eːng- Else: Prefix eːngeː- engesonha /ˌeːngeːˈsonha/ (you all) will study
3rd plural masc	No affix sonha /ˈsonha/ (they) study	Prefix soː- sosonha /soːˈsonha/ (they) studied	If starts with vowel: Prefix eːɭd- Else: Prefix eːɭde- eldesonha /eːɭˌdesonˈha/ (they) studied (long ago)	Prefix kɛ- kaesonha /kɛˈsonha/ (they) will study
3rd plural fem	If starts with vowel: Prefix hj- Else: Prefix hje- hyesonha /hjeˈsonha/ (they) study	If starts with vowel: Prefix pʰ- Else: Prefix pʰʌ- peosonha /pʰʌsonˈha/ (they) studied	Prefix o- osonha /osonˈha/ (they) studied (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix pʰ- Else: Prefix pʰu- pusonha /pʰusonˈha/ (they) will study

Numbers

Mwongian has a base-10 number system:

1. 1 - keo
2. 2 - ba
3. 3 - baet
4. 4 - am
5. 5 - an
6. 6 - hya
7. 7 - ru
8. 8 - kyi
9. 9 - ungna
10. 10 - janmit
11. 11 - janmit cho keo “ten and one”
12. 100 - oltom “hundred”
13. 101 - oltom cho keo “hundred and one”
14. 200 - ba oltom
15. 1000 - yaeng “thousand”

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Prefix o-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix id-
Else: Prefix ida-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix oːŋd-
Else: Prefix oːŋdo-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix a-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If starts with vowel: Prefix oʨ-
Else: Prefix oʨo-
Noun → verb (to create [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix iɾw-
Else: Prefix iɾwa-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix mj-
Else: Prefix mjo-
Verb → adjective (likely to do [verb]) = Prefix i-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix oʨ-
Else: Prefix oʨɛ-
Verb → noun that verb physically produces (e.g. build → building) = If starts with vowel: Prefix pj-
Else: Prefix pji-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix pʰo-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɛnʨ-
Else: Prefix ɛnʨiː-
Diminutive = Prefix i-
Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix ad-
Else: Prefix ada-

Dictionary

4344 Words.

Common Female Names

• Kyotteom /kjotˈtʌm/
• Kyaektenjeol /kjɛːkteːnˈʨʌɭ/
• Pyaeryen /ˈpʰjɛːɾjen/
• Hanggu /haŋˈguː/
• Hyelpot /hjeɭˈpʰoːt/
• Byimpyik /ˈpjimpʰjik/
• Pyaemneujo /pʰjɛːmnɯːˈʨoː/
• Hyeltem /hjeɭˈtʰem/
• Tikjeo /ˈtʰikʨʌ/
• Ekko /ekˈko/

Common Male Names

• Nyengyi /ˈnjeŋjiː/
• Rongneo /ˈɾoŋnʌ/
• Bumpa /ˈpumpa/
• Kyaendip /ˈkjɛːndiːp/
• Tirha /ˈtʰiɾha/
• Nyellik /ˈnjeɭɭiːk/
• Kyonjeok /kjonˈʨʌk/
• Pyaekpaen /ˈpʰjɛːkpʰɛːn/
• Niwagop /niˈwagop/
• Uya /uˈja/

Common Unisex Names

• Kumyeo /kuˈmjʌ/
• Myunchun /mjunˈʨʰun/
• Nyemhollol /njemhoːɭˈɭoɭ/
• Ukki /ˈukki/
• Niyi /ˈniji/
• Bunghe /ˈpuŋhe/
• Rokku /ˈɾokku/
• Pyaerelpu /pʰjɛːˈɾeːɭpu/
• Kunghe /kuŋˈhe/
• Raepjaep /ˈɾɛːpʨɛp/