Goblinoid

Although for a long time, the goblinoids were considered to be made up of two or three separate species - goblins, hobgoblins, and sometimes bugbears, depending on the culture - it is now believed that these are merely members of the same, highly diverse species. However, many still find it convenient to separate goblinoids into goblins and hobgoblins, as they display certain characteristics which appear to be distinct between different populations.
Hobgoblins tend to be only slightly shorter than humans, with powerful builds and human-like proportions. In contrast, goblins tend to be much shorter than humans, closer to the size of halflings, with unusually large heads, ears, and eyes, making them appear quite childlike; indeed, adults goblins of one population are sometimes indistinguishable from young hobgoblins of another population, apart from the shape of their ears. Goblinoids range in size drastically, from the very tiny Kamare goblins of the Scipien Empire, who average less than two feet tall, to the enormous Raibenel hobgoblins of northern Fallewen, who stand over seven feet tall.
In addition to goblins and hobgoblins, historically, bugbears have sometimes been considered a separate race. However, as any goblinoid could tell you, bugbears are not a species, but rather sufferers of a somewhat rare genetic disorder that causes extreme hair growth, gigantism, and sensitive skin. Bugbearism tends to run in distinct familial lines, but as it is a recessive and somewhat rare trait, it is highly unusual for an entire population of goblinoids to be bugbears.
Goblinoids are famously hardy, resilient, and adaptable, and can be found all over the world, in just about any biome, and just about any kind of culture, from sprawling urban centers to tiny tribal villages in the depths of jungles. However, forests tend to be their preferred habitat; the opposable digit on their feet makes them quite adept climbers and poor runners.

Basic Information

Anatomy

All goblinoids possess an opposable digit on their feet, making them quite good at climbing and perching in trees or on rock faces. However, this arboreal advantage means it is more difficult for them to run, especially over long distances. This is the primary reason why goblinoid communities tend to be found in jungles and forests. This is not to say that there are no goblinoids in the plains, deserts, or tundras; just that those communities do not thrive as well as forest-dwelling goblinoids.

Genetics and Reproduction

Goblinoids are egg-layers, despite their otherwise primarily mammalian traits, including large external ears, hair, and, indeed, mammary glands. Both male and female goblinoids are capable of lactation under the correct circumstances, although their breasts generally do not swell very large, even when actively lactating.
NSFW:

Show spoiler

The gonads are internal in goblinoids in both sexes. From the outside, male and female goblinoid genitalia are almost identical. All adult goblinoids possess a genital orifice which extends to a long chamber. In females, this chamber connects to the vagina, uterus, and ovaries. In males, it is quite small, and connects to the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and testes. In sexually immature adults, it simply ends after a few inches.
Connected to the surface of this chamber is a leafy, fern-like structure, which is extremely sensitive and filled with blood vessels and lubricant glands. When aroused, the vessels expand and glands secrete lubrication, causing the fronds to swell and exit the genital orifice as a lubricated, bushy structure. During male ejaculation, semen flows along these fronds into the female's fronds, which are then retracted inside the genital orifice and travel to the sperm storage tubercules for later fertilization.

Growth Rate & Stages

The size of a goblinoid clutch varies from ethnic group to ethnic group, however, an average clutch consists of 5-7 eggs. Most female goblinoids are capable of producing one clutch per year.
Goblinoid egg incubation time varies somewhat; however, it is generally somewhere between 3-4 months, on average. Goblinoid babies are hatched with floppy ears, which stiffen up over the first few months of their life. Some goblinoid cultures will manipulate a child's ears during this time, so that as adults their ears hold a particular shape. Goblinoids mature quite quickly, reaching full adult size at around 6 years of age.
Goblinoids are born without differentiated gonads, and even after reaching adult size, the gonads are not fully developed. Adult goblinoids may live their whole lives without ever becoming fertile. Goblinoids are sequential hermaphrodites, and their sexual development is based around the presence or absence of a sexually mature male and female within the living group. When there is a sexually mature female, but no sexually mature males, the gonads of the largest immature goblinoid in the group will develop into testes over the course of about 2-3 months. When there is no sexually mature female, a sexually mature male's testes will develop into ovaries, again over the course of 2-3 months.
It is possible for a goblinoid to deliberately trigger these changes by living for a few months with an appropriate group of other goblins. Once a sexually immature adult has developed into a male, they cannot go back, even if they join a group with another sexually mature male, and the same is true of sexually mature females.
Due to this, the goblinoid view of gender and gender roles tends to be quite fluid.

Civilization and Culture

Gender Ideals

Goblinoids have, at best, a very loose concept of gender and gender roles. Every goblinoid either has the potential to change their biological sex at any point in time, or has actually been another biological sex in their past. Even in goblinoid cultures where gender roles do exist, they are quite fluid, as a sexually immature goblinoid may, at any point, separate themself from their social group and begin the transformation to a different sex, returning after the change has been completed to their satisfaction. Generally speaking, it is a conscious choice for an individual to transform into a sexually mature male or female.

Interspecies Relations and Assumptions

When counted together, goblinoids are considered one of the most populous intelligent species on the planet, comprising more than 10% of the global population. However, when counted separately, they make up a much smaller proportion.
Goblinoids are, by and large, tolerated by other intelligent speces, although there are many exceptions. When goblinoids are discriminated against, it is almost invariably human societies who hold prejudice against them, rather than any of the other species. In many parts of the Desert Coast, goblinoids tend to be seen as lazy, dishonest tricksters.

Lifespan

50 years

Average Height

Goblins: 3' 5"
Hobgoblins: 5' 1"

Average Weight

Goblins: 56 lb
Hobgoblins: 178 lb

Body Tint, Colouring and Marking

Goblinoids exhibit a wide variety of skin colors, including various shades of brown, red, pink, yellow, gray, blue, and green, and even the occasional purple. Their hair color is similarily varied.