Urien

Natively known as: urie /ˈuɹaɪ̯/

Urien is a draconic language primarily utilized by the Dragonborn. It's only written script was created by the Kajuzurie much later, and so all its written works are from the last thousand years even while it's stories may be much older.

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: d g h j k l n s t z ð ŋ ɹ ʃ ʒ ʤ ʧ θ

↓Manner/Place→	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		n			ŋ
Stop		t d			k g
Affricate			ʧ ʤ
Fricative	θ ð	s z	ʃ ʒ			h
Approximant		ɹ		j
Lateral approximant		l

Vowel inventory: aɪ̯ aʊ̯ o u ɑ ʊ ʌ
Diphthongs: aɪ̯ aʊ̯ ?

	Back
High	u
Near-high	ʊ
High-mid	o
Low-mid	ʌ
Low	ɑ

Syllable structure: (C)V ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
aɪ̯	ie
aʊ̯	ou
ɑ	a
ʊ	û
ʌ	ǔ
j	y
θ	th
ð	dh
ŋ	ng
ɹ	r
ʃ	sh
ʒ	zh
ʤ	j
ʧ	ch
◌̯

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Object (Prepositional phrase) Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door with a key opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have seven cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.
• Locative is the location of something: man is in town.
• Ablative is movement away from something: man walks from town.
• Instrumental is the use of something: man writes with (using) pen.

Nominative	No affix zosasho /zoˈsɑʃo/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	Prefix su- suzosasho /ˌsuzoˈsɑʃo/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	Prefix ʧu- chuzosasho /ˌʧuzoˈsɑʃo/ dogʼs
Dative	Prefix sɑ- sazosasho /ˌsɑzoˈsɑʃo/ to dog
Locative	Prefix laʊ̯- louzosasho /ˌlaʊ̯zoˈsɑʃo/ near/at/by dog
Ablative	Prefix ʧaɪ̯- chiezosasho /ˌʧaɪ̯zoˈsɑʃo/ from dog
Instrumental	Prefix ɹu- ruzosasho /ˌɹuzoˈsɑʃo/ with/using dog

	Masculine	Feminine
Singular	No affix tu /tu/ boy	No affix kou /kaʊ̯/ girl
Plural	Prefix jʌ- yǔtu /ˈjʌtu/ boys	Prefix nu- nukou /ˈnukaʊ̯/ girls

Articles

Definite	hu /hu/ the
Indefinite	cho /ʧo/ a, some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Definite article can be omitted: ‘I am going to supermarket’
• Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’
• Used for personal names in third person: ‘The Maria has left for school’

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative	Locative	Ablative	Instrumental
1st singular	cho /ʧo/ I	a /ɑ/ me	chu /ʧu/ mine	tû /tʊ/ to me	jû /ʤʊ/ to me	ie /aɪ̯/ from me	hû /hʊ/ with/using me
2nd singular	nǔ /nʌ/ you	thǔ /θʌ/ you	nû /nʊ/ yours	die /daɪ̯/ to you	yie /jaɪ̯/ to you	kǔ /kʌ/ from you	thou /θaʊ̯/ with/using you
3rd singular masc	jou /ʤaʊ̯/ he, it (masc)	yo /jo/ his, it (masc)	dû /dʊ/ his, its (masc)	na /nɑ/ to his, to it (masc)	dhou /ðaʊ̯/ to his, to it (masc)	dhie /ðaɪ̯/ from his, from it (masc)	ya /jɑ/ with/using his, with/using it (masc)
3rd singular fem	ǔ /ʌ/ she, it (fem)	tho /θo/ her, it (fem)	sa /sɑ/ hers, its (fem)	lo /lo/ to her, to it (fem)	do /do/ to her, to it (fem)	ra /ɹɑ/ from her, from it (fem)	so /so/ with/using her, with/using it (fem)
1st plural	o /o/ we	lu /lu/ us	nie /naɪ̯/ ours	hǔ /hʌ/ to us	ru /ɹu/ to us	yu /ju/ from us	you /jaʊ̯/ with/using us
2nd plural	ho /ho/ you all	lie /laɪ̯/ you all	no /no/ yours (pl)	u /u/ to you all	chǔ /ʧʌ/ to you all	du /du/ from you all	kû /kʊ/ with/using you all
3rd plural masc	hou /haʊ̯/ they (masc)	lû /lʊ/ them (masc)	zu /zu/ theirs (masc)	kie /kaɪ̯/ to them (masc)	lǔ /lʌ/ to them (masc)	û /ʊ/ from them (masc)	tou /taʊ̯/ with/using them (masc)
3rd plural fem	ro /ɹo/ they (fem)	sha /ʃɑ/ them (fem)	nu /nu/ theirs (fem)	ja /ʤɑ/ to them (fem)	shie /ʃaɪ̯/ to them (fem)	tha /θɑ/ from them (fem)	ta /tɑ/ with/using them (fem)

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	chu /ʧu/ my
2nd singular	nû /nʊ/ your
3rd singular masc	yo /jo/ his
3rd singular fem	sa /sɑ/ her
1st plural	nie /naɪ̯/ our
2nd plural	no /no/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	zu /zu/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	nu /nu/ their (fem)

Verbs

Present	No affix dugu /ˈdugu/ learn
Past	Prefix ɹʊ- rûdugu /ɹʊˈdugu/ learned
Remote past	Prefix tʊ- tûdugu /tʊˈdugu/ learned (long ago)
Future	Prefix ðaʊ̯- dhoudugu /ðaʊ̯ˈdugu/ will learn

Imperfective aspect

The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).
Urien uses an affix for imperfective:

Imperfective

Prefix lɑ- ladugu /lɑˈdugu/ learns/is learning

Numbers

Urien has a base-10 number system:
1 - cha
2 - nǔ
3 - na
4 - tie
5 - dhou
6 - lo
7 - sǔ
8 - yo
9 - zounga
10 - ozho
100 - ûso
1000 - nuta

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Prefix ɹu-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix jʊ-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix su-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix ʃu-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix saʊ̯-
Noun to verb = Prefix nu-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix θaɪ̯-
Tending to = Prefix zɑ-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix kʊ-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix nɑ-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix ʤo-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix so-
Diminutive = Prefix ʤʌ-
Augmentative = Prefix ju-

Dictionary

3062 Words.

Spoken by

• Kajuzurie

A tip with pronunciation of Urien is to avoid using your lips when speaking. The Kajuzurie do not use their lips to speak but rather to make facial expressions that help communicate their intentions, and so the sounds of the language are not meant to be pronounced without the use of lips.