Elvish

Natively known as: elvish /ˈelvish/

  ...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
raw je tha thrùd mingthœr ì raw thúwme a tha jonmud ra thizě
Pronunciation: /ɹɔ ʤe θɛ θɹɜɾ ˈmiŋθœɹ ɪ ɹɔ ˈθywme ɛ θɛ ˈʤonmuɾ ɹɛ ˈθiʒʏ/
Elvish word order: and he his hat holding stood and the wind to his wet face turned  

Spelling & Phonology

  Consonant inventory: l m n w ð ŋ ɹ ɾ ʋ ʎ ʒ ʤ θ  
↓Manner/Place→BilabialLabiodentalDentalAlveolarPalato-alveolarPalatalVelar
Nasalmnŋ
Affricateʤ
Fricativeθ ðʒ
Approximantʋɹ
Tapɾ
Lateral approximantlʎ
  Co-articulated phonemes  
↓Manner/Place→Labial-velar
Approximantw
  Vowel inventory: e i o u y ø œ ɔ ɘ ɛ ɜ ɤ ɪ ʊ ʏ  
FrontCentralBack
Highi yu
Near-highɪ ʏʊ
High-mide øɘɤ o
Low-midɛ œɜɔ
  Syllable structure: (C)(C)V(C) ?
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable ?   Spelling rules:  
PronunciationSpelling
ɛa
ɜ
ɤ
ɘ
ɔaw
ʊ
ɪ
y
ʏ
ɹr
θth
ɾd
ʒz
ðdh
ŋng
ʤj
ʎy
ʋv
 

Grammar

  Main word order: Subject (Prepositional phrase) Object Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary with a key the door opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?  

Nouns

  Nouns have four cases:
  • Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
  • Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
  • Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
  • Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.
NominativeNo affix
wèr /wɘɹ/ dog (doing the verb)
AccusativePrefix e-
ewèr /ˈewɘɹ/ (verb done to) dog
GenitivePrefix lɔ-
lawwèr /ˈlɔwɘɹ/ dogʼs
DativeIf starts with vowel: Prefix ð-
Else: Prefix ðo-
dhowèr /ˈðowɘɹ/ to dog
 
SingularPlural
MasculinePrefix mʏ-
měthliz /ˈmʏθliʒ/ boy
No affix
thliz /θliʒ/ boys
FeminineIf starts with vowel: Prefix ʊnm-
Else: Prefix ʊnmu-
ǔnmuthroy /ˈʊnmuθɹoʎ/ girl
No affix
throy /θɹoʎ/ girls
NeuterIf starts with vowel: Prefix m-
Else: Prefix me-
mewèr /ˈmewɘɹ/ dog
No affix
wèr /wɘɹ/ dogs
 

Articles

 
Definitewaw /wɔ/ the
Indefinitemúz /myʒ/ a, some
  Uses of definite article that differ from English:
  • Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.
  • Used for personal names in third person: ‘The Maria has left for school’
  • Used with place names: ‘The London’
 

Pronouns

 
NominativeAccusativeGenitiveDative
1st singularay /ɛʎ/ I thij /θiʤ/ me meng /meŋ/ mine dhay /ðɛʎ/ to me
2nd singulara /ɛ/ you luj /luʤ/ you wøy /wøʎ/ yours ja /ʤɛ/ to you
3rd singular mascje /ʤe/ he, jang /ʤɛŋ/ his, dhaw /ðɔ/ his, la /lɛ/ to his, to
3rd singular femzěj /ʒʏʤ/ she, mòd /mɤɾ/ her, /ɘ/ hers, mi /mi/ to her, to
3rd singular neuternliz /nliʒ/ it (neut) mu /mu/ it (neut) me /me/ its (neut) thla /θlɛ/ to it (neut)
1st pluraljě /ʤʏ/ we moj /moʤ/ us maw /mɔ/ ours thleth /θleθ/ to us
2nd pluralthrì /θɹɪ/ you all lě /lʏ/ you all wìth /wɪθ/ yours (pl) ij /iʤ/ to you all
3rd plural mascthòz /θɤʒ/ they (masc) /ʊ/ them (masc) lùy /lɜʎ/ theirs (masc) nlu /nlu/ to them (masc)
3rd plural femeng /eŋ/ they (fem) /ɪ/ them (fem) uy /uʎ/ theirs (fem) ra /ɹɛ/ to them (fem)
3rd plural neuterøng /øŋ/ they (neut) lú /ly/ them (neut) lèz /lɘʒ/ theirs (neut) lǔ /lʊ/ to them (neut)
 

Possessive determiners

 
Possessive
1st singular /ɹø/ my
2nd singularmu /mu/ your
3rd singular masctha /θɛ/ his
3rd singular femø /ø/ her
3rd singular neuterjaw /ʤɔ/ his, her, its (neut)
1st pluralmìd /mɪɾ/ our
2nd pluralrú /ɹy/ your (pl)
3rd plural masczo /ʒo/ their (masc)
3rd plural femnlě /nlʏ/ their (fem)
3rd plural neuterwè /wɘ/ their (neut)
 

Verbs

 
PresentPrefix e-
ewìv /ˈewɪʋ/ learn
PastNo affix
wìv /wɪʋ/ learned
  Elvish uses a standalone particle word for future tense:
FutureParticle before the verb: ðɛ -
dha wìv /ðɛ wɪʋ/ will learn
 

Numbers

  Elvish has a base-10 number system:   1 -
2 - tha
3 - wǔ
4 - la
5 - lèng
6 - livnòng
7 - ør
8 - vi
9 - thlidhú
10 - mo
100 - jěznùth
1000 - lùd
 

Derivational morphology

  Adjective → adverb = If starts with vowel: Prefix l-
Else: Prefix lɪ-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix ʤo-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix nl-
Else: Prefix nle-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix ɜ-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix ðœ-
Noun to verb = Prefix ɔ-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix ɜ-
Tending to = Prefix le-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix w-
Else: Prefix wɤ-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix wɜ-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ʤ-
Else: Prefix ʤɤ-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix θɤ-
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix œlʋ-
Else: Prefix œlʋø-
Augmentative = Prefix me-

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