Irakan (I - ra - kan)

Natively known as: ullógy ullogy /ˈulloːɟ/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
bá ko co pö zűt frelcs bá pö műge csatt am önc vil bae ko co poo zeut freelcs bae poo meugee csatt am oonc vil
Pronunciation: /baː ko ʦo pø zyːt frɛlʧ baː pø ˈmyːgɛ ʧɒtt ɒm ønʦ vil/
Irakan word order: and he stood his hat holding and his wet face turned the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g h j k l m n p r t v z ɟ ɲ ʃ ʦ ʧ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n		ɲ
Stop	p b		t d		ɟ	k g
Affricate			ʦ	ʧ
Fricative		f v	z	ʃ			h
Approximant					j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Vowel inventory: aː eː i iː o oː u uː y yː ø øː ɒ ɛ

	Front	Back
High	i iː y yː	u uː
High-mid	eː ø øː	o oː
Low-mid	ɛ
Low	aː	ɒ

Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɒ	a
aː	á
uː	ú
yː	ű
y	ü
s	sz
ʒ	zs
c	ty
ʦ	c
ʧ	cs
ɛ	e
eː	é
ɟ	gy
iː	í
ɲ	ny
oː	ó
øː	ő
ø	ö
ʃ	s

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Object Verb (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door opened with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions

Nouns

Nouns have four cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.

Nominative	No affix íb ib /iːb/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	Prefix praː- práíb praeib /ˈpraːiːb/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	Prefix fɛ- feíb feeib /ˈfɛiːb/ dogʼs
Dative	If starts with vowel: Prefix p- Else: Prefix pyː- píb pib /piːb/ to (the/a) dog

Singular	Prefix ɒ- aíb aib /ˈɒiːb/ dog
Plural	No affix íb ib /iːb/ dogs

Articles

Definite	ált aelt /aːlt/ the
Indefinite	prén pren /preːn/ a, some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Used for languages: ‘The English’
• Used with place names: ‘The London’

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative
1st singular	tö too /tø/ I	je jee /jɛ/ me	tág taeg /taːg/ mine	di di /di/ to me
2nd singular	hé he /heː/ you	fast fasht /fɒʃt/ you	fá fae /faː/ yours	fü fuu /fy/ to you
3rd singular	ko ko /ko/ he, she, it	pa pa /pɒ/ him, her, it	köb koob /køb/ his, hers, its	fok fok /fok/ to him, her, it
1st plural	ves veesh /vɛʃ/ we	csány csaeny /ʧaːɲ/ us	re ree /rɛ/ ours	kitt kitt /kitt/ to us
2nd plural	e ee /ɛ/ you all	le lee /lɛ/ you all	sén shen /ʃeːn/ yours (pl)	kűll keull /kyːll/ to you all
3rd plural	kuzt kuzt /kuzt/ they	sö shoo /ʃø/ them	kí ki /kiː/ theirs	frubb frubb /frubb/ to them

Possessive determiners

1st singular	jalt jalt /jɒlt/ my
2nd singular	ő ao /øː/ your
3rd singular	pö poo /pø/ his, her, its
1st plural	kó ko /koː/ our
2nd plural	et eet /ɛt/ your (pl)
3rd plural	zégy zegy /zeːɟ/ their

Verbs

	Singular	Plural
Present	No affix ást aesht /aːʃt/ (I/you/he/she/it) learn	Prefix aː- áást aeaesht /ˈaːaːʃt/ (we/they) learn
Past	If starts with vowel: Prefix b- Else: Prefix biː- bást baesht /baːʃt/ (I/you/he/she/it) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix n- Else: Prefix no- nást naesht /naːʃt/ (we/they) learned
Remote past	If starts with vowel: Prefix v- Else: Prefix vɛ- vást vaesht /vaːʃt/ (I/you/he/she/it) learned (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix r- Else: Prefix ro- rást raesht /raːʃt/ (we/they) learned (long ago)

Irakan uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: eː - é ást e aesht /eː aːʃt/ will learn

Imperfective aspect

The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).
Irakan uses an affix for imperfective:

Imperfective

Prefix eː- éást eaesht /ˈeːaːʃt/ learns/is learning

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Irakan uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Prefix friː- fríást friaesht /ˈfriːaːʃt/ have learned

Numbers

Irakan has a base-10 number system:
1 - nint nint
2 - tek teek
3 - té te
4 - jüzlöt juuzloot
5 - oj oj
6 - gu gu
7 - gúz guz
8 - lát laet
9 - u u
10 - gé ge
Hundred - cízt cizt
Thousand - tűz teuz

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Prefix luː-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix ʃɛ-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ukk-
Else: Prefix ukkɒ-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix ɒ-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɛdv-
Else: Prefix ɛdvo-
Noun to verb = If starts with vowel: Prefix k-
Else: Prefix keː-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix m-
Else: Prefix maː-
Tending to = Prefix ɲo-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix b-
Else: Prefix byː-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If starts with vowel: Prefix n-
Else: Prefix noː-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix meː-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix tu-
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix t-
Else: Prefix teː-
Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɲ-
Else: Prefix ɲɒ-
Opposite = Prefix yː-
Star of = If starts with vowel: Prefix k-
Else: Prefix ku-
Unholy of = If starts with vowel: Prefix iːlk-
Else: Prefix iːlky-

Distribution & Variants

Irakan is, while influential, a not commonly spoken language. It is often combined with Devkarin to create a pygmy language in temple cities that adhere to the Star Cults, where the "pure" form of Irakan is used for religious services. Irakan is a stale language, with infrequent usage making it far harder to develop and adapt.

Dictionary

3034 Words.