France ends its war with Spain by signing the Treaty of Lyon, greatly increasing French territory in the South.
France ends its war with Spain by signing the Treaty of Lyon, greatly increasing French territory in the South.
Henry IV, through his ambassador in Prague, was able to make the Emperor understand that it was no use trying to annexe Mulhouse any more so in this way he was finally discouraged from doing so. The French ally with the Swiss.
The Protestant Union, also known as the Evangelical Union, Union of Auhausen, German Union or the Protestant Action Party, was a coalition of Protestant German states. It was formed on 14 May 1608 by Frederick IV, Elector Palatine in order to defend the rights, land and safety of each member.
Spain signs the Twelve Year's Truce with the Dutch. The Twelve Years' Truce was the cessation of hostilities between the Habsburg rulers of Spain and the Southern Netherlands and the Dutch Republic as agreed in Antwerp on 9 April 1609.
Rudolph II signs a 'Letter of Majesty' protecting the rights of Bohemian Protestants. It was reluctantly signed by the Holy Roman Emperor, granting religious tolerance to both Protestant and Catholic citizens living in the estates of Bohemia. The letter also created a Bohemian Protestant State Church, run by said estates. A similar Letter was issued for Silesia.
Bavaria sets up a Catholic League to counter the German Protestants. This was a coalition of Catholic states of the Holy Roman Empire, initially formed as a confederation to act politically to negotiate issues vis-à-vis the Protestant Union, modelled on the more intransigent ultra-Catholic French Catholic League (1576), it was subsequently concluded as a military alliance "for the defence of the Catholic religion and peace within the Empire".
King Henry IV of France makes alliance with the United Provinces and the Duke of Savoy, against Spain. The Treaty of Bruzolo was signed between Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy, and Henry IV of France, inside the Castle of Bruzolo in Italy. Based on the terms of the accord, both signatories agreed to combine their forces in order to remove the Spanish from Italy.
Henry IV is assassinated by a Catholic fanatic, Francois Ravaillac, for the royal tolerance of Huguenots (French Protestants), as enshrined in the Edict of Nantes (1598).
King Louis Xlll takes the throne of France, at the age of 9, but is dominated by his mother and regent, Marie de Medicis.
A statesman named Richelieu is first noted by Marie de Medicis for his intelligence and eloquence, when the clergymen of Poitou asked him to be one of their representatives to the Estates-General. There, he was a vigorous advocate of the Church, arguing that it should be exempt from taxes and that bishops should have more political power.