Flosuian

Natively known as: flosu /floˈsu/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
bres tre be la cañu sor bres ne la suris ra clel rejtrol
Pronunciation: /bɾes tɾe be la kaˈɲu soɾ bɾes ne la suˈris ra klel rexˈtɾol /
Flosuian word order: and stood holding his hat he and turned his wet face to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g k l m n p r s t w x ɲ ɾ ʎ ʧ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	m		n		ɲ
Stop	p b		d t			k g
Affricate				ʧ
Fricative		f	s			x
Tap			ɾ
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l		ʎ

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a e i o u

	Front	Back
High	i	u
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɾ	r
ʎ	y / #_
ʎ	ll
kw	cu
k	c
ʧ	ch
ɲ	ñ
x	g / _{e,i}
x	j

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Grammar

Main word order: Verb Object (Prepositional phrase) Subject. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Opened the door with a key mary.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have four cases:

• Ergative is the doer of a verb, when the verb is done to something: dog bites man.
• Absolutive is used in two scenarios: the doer of a verb when not done to something (dog bites), and the done-to of a verb (man bites dog).
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.

Nouns form plural with separate plural word:

Plural

Particle before the noun: ma - ma dil /ma dil/ dogs

Ergative	Prefix o- odil /oˈdil/ dog (doing a transitive verb)
Absolutive	No affix dil /dil/ dog (doing an intransitive verb)
Genitive	Prefix e- edil /eˈdil/ dogʼs
Dative	If starts with vowel: Prefix okɾ- Else: Prefix okɾu- ocrudil /okɾuˈdil/ to dog

Articles

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	gres /gɾes/ the	ed /ed/ a
Plural	te /te/ the	chor /ʧoɾ/ some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific means ‘Would you like some (any) tea?’ whereas specific means ‘Some tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck’

Pronouns

	Ergative	Absolutive	Genitive	Dative
1st singular	lu /lu/ I	yen /ʎen/ me	no /no/ mine	se /se/ to me
2nd singular	so /so/ you	mer /meɾ/ you	tra /tɾa/ yours	ud /ud/ to you
3rd singular	sor /soɾ/ he, she, it	sul /sul/ his, her, it	rur /ruɾ/ his, hers, its	sa /sa/ to his, to her, to it
1st plural	ror /roɾ/ we	sre /sɾe/ us	mor /moɾ/ ours	bru /bɾu/ to us
2nd plural	bren /bɾen/ you all	rar /raɾ/ you all	cren /kɾen/ yours (pl)	co /ko/ to you all
3rd plural	gres /gɾes/ they	a /a/ them	pre /pɾe/ theirs	cre /kɾe/ to them

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	mad /mad/ my
2nd singular	ra /ra/ your
3rd singular	la /la/ his, her, its
1st plural	no /no/ our
2nd plural	pid /pid/ your (pl)
3rd plural	rol /rol/ their

Verbs

Present	Prefix de- deenglo /deenˈglo/ learn
Past	No affix englo /enˈglo/ learned
Future	Prefix pi- pienglo /pienˈglo/ will learn

Imperfective aspect

The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).
Flosuian uses a standalone particle word for imperfective:

Imperfective

Particle before the verb: tod - tod englo /tod enˈglo/ learns/is learning

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Flosuian uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

If starts with vowel: Prefix f- Else: Prefix fu- fenglo /fenˈglo/ have learned

Numbers

Flosuian has a base-10 number system:
1 - yi
2 - led
3 - mos
4 - do
5 - ta
6 - ga
7 - ro
8 - egle
9 - der
10 - bir
100 - tos
1000 - fres

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Prefix bɾo-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix gɾ-
Else: Prefix gɾu-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix onb-
Else: Prefix onbo-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix o-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If starts with vowel: Prefix uk-
Else: Prefix uki-
Noun to verb = Prefix ni-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix bɾ-
Else: Prefix bɾo-
Tending to = If starts with vowel: Prefix at-
Else: Prefix ate-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix te-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix e-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix no-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix gɾ-
Else: Prefix gɾi-
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix pɾ-
Else: Prefix pɾa-
Augmentative = Prefix u-

Dictionary

3022 Words.

Spoken by

• Solanis