Reivan

A harsh, guttural language spoken by the The Reivan Clans, and rarely heard outside of the The Reivan Wastes . Draws many linguistic traits from the Dwarvish tongue.
The Reivan language has dozens of words to describe varying degrees of coldness, as well as dozens of words for variations of the Common word, 'bitter.'

Natively known as: riəvən /riəvən/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
krikc fraa kaa trachthachtho baakri kaav krikc kaa kring gha krakhaakhai̯ kao̯d chmikc
Pronunciation: /kriç frɒ kɒ trɑçθɑçθo bɒkri kɒv kriç kɒ krɪŋ ɣɑ krɑkhɒkhɑi̯ kɑo̯d çmiç/
Reivan word order: and he his hat holding stood and his wet face the wind to turned

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Object (Prepositional phrase) Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door with a key opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions

Nouns

Nouns have six cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.
• Locative is the location of something: man is in town.
• Ablative is movement away from something: man walks from town.

Nominative	No affix kni /knɪ/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	Prefix ɑ- akni /ɑknɪ/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	If starts with vowel: Prefix ɑk- Else: Prefix ɑkɒ- akaakni /ɑkɒknɪ/ dogʼs
Dative	Prefix krɒ- kraakni /krɒknɪ/ to (the/a) dog
Locative	Prefix vɪɛ̯- vie̯kni /vɪɛ̯knɪ/ near/at/by (the/a) dog
Ablative	Prefix iɑ̯- ea̯kni /iɑ̯knɪ/ from (the/a) dog

	Masculine	Feminine
Singular	No affix chmax /çmɑks/ man	No affix vish /vɪsh/ woman
Plural	Prefix ɑi̯- ai̯chmax /ɑi̯çmɑks/ men	If starts with vowel: Prefix v- Else: Prefix vɑ- vavish /vɑvɪsh/ women

Articles

Definite	stha /sθɑ/ the
Indefinite	tri /trɪ/ a, some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific means ‘Would you like some (any) tea?’ whereas specific means ‘Some tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck’

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative	Locative	Ablative
1st singular	zo /zo/ I	kra /krɑ/ me	krao̯ /krɑo̯/ mine	ea̯ /iɑ̯/ to me	kaalk /kɒlk/ at me	bax /bɑks/ from me
2nd singular	trie̯ /trɪɛ̯/ you	djak /d͡ʒɑk/ you	vaa /vɒ/ yours	jei̯h /dʒɛɪ̯h/ to you	caa /cɒ/ at you	krau̯x /krɑʊ̯ks/ from you
3rd singular masc	fraa /frɒ/ he, it	vhak /vhɑk/ him, it	krea̯ /kriɑ̯/ his, its	kaak /kɒk/ to him, at it	fad /fɑd/ at him, at it	kie̯ /kɪɛ̯/ from him, from it
3rd singular fem	trau̯x /trɑʊ̯ks/ she, it	kao̯ /kɑo̯/ her, it	chmilk /çmilk/ hers, its	ga /gɑ/ to her, at it	thax /θɑks/ at her, at it	hi /hi/ from her, from it
1st plural	mra /mrɑ/ we	jhei̯ /dʒhɛɪ̯/ us	jak /dʒɑk/ ours	fak /fɑk/ to us	daalk /dɒlk/ at us	vax /vɑks/ from us
2nd plural	ai̯k /ɑi̯k/ you all	ka /kɑ/ you all	bi /bi/ yours (pl)	kaa /kɒ/ to you all	kau̯ /kɑʊ̯/ at you all	kish /kɪsh/ from you all
3rd plural masc	ghei̯ /ɣɛɪ̯/ they (masc)	vhau̯k /vhɑʊ̯k/ them (masc)	vai̯sh /vɑi̯sh/ theirs (masc)	chaalk /çɒlk/ to them (masc)	chai̯l /çɑi̯l/ at them (masc)	krae /krɛ/ from them (masc)
3rd plural fem	tra /trɑ/ they (fem)	kri /krɪ/ them (fem)	kraeo̯ /krɛo̯/ theirs (fem)	ghaa /ɣɒ/ to them (fem)	ao̯ /ɑo̯/ at them (fem)	trax /trɑks/ from them (fem)

Possessive determiners

1st singular	vhea̯lk /vhiɑ̯lk/ my
2nd singular	kra /krɑ/ your
3rd singular masc	kaa /kɒ/ his
3rd singular fem	ao̯ /ɑo̯/ her
1st plural	gaex /gɛks/ our
2nd plural	shai̯ /ʃɑi̯/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	kau̯sh /kɑʊ̯sh/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	tra /trɑ/ their (fem)

Verbs

	Present	Past	Remote past	Future
1st singular	If starts with vowel: Prefix c- Else: Prefix cɒ- caavix /cɒvɪks/ (I) learn	Prefix o- ovix /ovɪks/ (I) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix vh- Else: Prefix vhɑi̯- vhai̯vix /vhɑi̯vɪks/ (I) learned (long ago)	Prefix ɒ- aavix /ɒvɪks/ (I) will learn
2nd singular	If starts with vowel: Prefix kn- Else: Prefix knɑʊ̯- knau̯vix /knɑʊ̯vɪks/ (you) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix f- Else: Prefix fi- fivix /fivɪks/ (you) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix kɪɛ̯- kie̯vix /kɪɛ̯vɪks/ (you) learned (long ago)	Prefix ɛ- aevix /ɛvɪks/ (you) will learn
3rd singular masc	Prefix kɑ- kavix /kɑvɪks/ (he) learns	If starts with vowel: Prefix iɑ̯h- Else: Prefix iɑ̯hɑi̯- ea̯hai̯vix /iɑ̯hɑi̯vɪks/ (he) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix çm- Else: Prefix çmu- chmuvix /çmuvɪks/ (he) learned (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix tr- Else: Prefix trɒ- traavix /trɒvɪks/ (he) will learn
3rd singular fem	If starts with vowel: Prefix çm- Else: Prefix çmɑʊ̯- chmau̯vix /çmɑʊ̯vɪks/ (she) learns	If starts with vowel: Prefix d͡ʒ- Else: Prefix d͡ʒɑo̯- djao̯vix /d͡ʒɑo̯vɪks/ (she) learned	Prefix trɒ- traavix /trɒvɪks/ (she) learned (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix kɑ- kavix /kɑvɪks/ (she) will learn
1st plural	Prefix dʒhɛɪ̯- jhei̯vix /dʒhɛɪ̯vɪks/ (we) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix sv- Else: Prefix svɑʊ̯- svau̯vix /svɑʊ̯vɪks/ (we) learned	Prefix cɑ- cavix /cɑvɪks/ (we) learned (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix vh- Else: Prefix vhɑ- vhavix /vhɑvɪks/ (we) will learn
2nd plural	Prefix kɒ- kaavix /kɒvɪks/ (you all) learn	Prefix ɑ- avix /ɑvɪks/ (you all) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix d͡ʒ- Else: Prefix d͡ʒɑ- djavix /d͡ʒɑvɪks/ (you all) learned (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix v- Else: Prefix vɑ- vavix /vɑvɪks/ (you all) will learn
3rd plural masc	Prefix kɑo̯- kao̯vix /kɑo̯vɪks/ (they) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix kɪ- kivix /kɪvɪks/ (they) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix vh- Else: Prefix vhɑo̯- vhao̯vix /vhɑo̯vɪks/ (they) learned (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix h- Else: Prefix hɒ- haavix /hɒvɪks/ (they) will learn
3rd plural fem	Prefix çɑ- chavix /çɑvɪks/ (they) learn	Prefix ɑo̯- ao̯vix /ɑo̯vɪks/ (they) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix kɑi̯- kai̯vix /kɑi̯vɪks/ (they) learned (long ago)	Prefix trɪɛ̯- trie̯vix /trɪɛ̯vɪks/ (they) will learn

Numbers

Reivan has a base-10 number system:
1 - ki
2 - kua̯f
3 - krea̯k
4 - cla
5 - djao̯
6 - vaeo̯
7 - vhau̯ka
8 - shaakae
9 - tra
10 - vhix
Hundred - kachtha
Thousand - kij

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Prefix ɑ-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix ɑi̯-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɑd-
Else: Prefix ɑdɑʊ̯-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɑsv-
Else: Prefix ɑsvɑi̯-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix ɒ-
Noun → verb (to create [noun]) = Prefix ʎiɑ̯-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix k-
Else: Prefix kiɑ̯-
Verb → adjective (likely to do [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɒtr-
Else: Prefix ɒtrɑ-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix kɒ-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix rʰu-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix ɑi̯-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix çm-
Else: Prefix çmuɑ̯-
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix tr-
Else: Prefix trɑ-
Augmentative = Prefix ɑ-

Writing System

The Reivan language uses a runic script alphabet, believed to have been derived from Dwarvish runes.

Dictionary

3098 Words.

Common Phrases

Gaex vakrish krim vavux gaex vish straa: Our bodies are prisons for our souls.
Caekc vhahao̯ kakao̯kie̯: All flesh decays.
Mai̯u turns caekc kao̯d shua̯: Death turns all to ash.
Mɑi̯u gaka do ish: Death frees every soul.
Sθɑ Reivasa co trɑʊ̯ks takes. Chua̯x vaaj krich shua̯, raash.: The Great Mother provides as the takes. From fire and ash, life.
Vasthi cikhaeo̯ raalk: Children of Ash