Jasubram

Natively known as: Jasubram /sɑʃˈniːn/

Jasubram is the language of the Jasuve, the people who live in the hilly regions south of Brokenridge Mesa. The language is spoken from the chest, and tends to have a growling sound. The Jasuve speak it in commanding tones, rarely using a soft voice, which can be off-putting.

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
chim zbiz nǎch zhǔmpå dlå vǎp chim lǐblo dlå rǔbǐn grå tům tmůlfen
Pronunciation: /ʧiːm zbiːz nɜːʧ ʒʊmˈpɑ dlɑ vɜːp ʧiːm lɪˈblɔː dlɑ ɹʊˈbɪn gɹɑ tʌm tmʌlˈfɛn/
Jasubram word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g h j k l m n p s t v w z ð ɹ ʃ ʒ ʤ ʧ θ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m			n
Stop	p b			t d			k g
Affricate					ʧ ʤ
Fricative		f v	θ ð	s z	ʃ ʒ			h
Approximant				ɹ		j
Lateral approximant				l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: aɪ̯ aʊ̯ eɪ̯ iː oʊ̯ uː æ ɑ ɔɪ̯ ɔː ɛ ɜː ɪ ʊ ʌ
Diphthongs: aɪ̯ aʊ̯ eɪ̯ oʊ̯ ɔɪ̯

	Front	Central	Back
High	iː		uː
Near-high	ɪ		ʊ
Low-mid	ɛ	ɜː	ʌ ɔː
Near-low	æ
Low			ɑ

Syllable structure: (C)(C)V(C)
Stress pattern: Second — stress is on the second syllable
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
aɪ̯	ie
aʊ̯	ou
eɪ̯	ay
iː	i
uː	u
æ	a
ɛ	e
ɔː	o
ɔɪ̯	oi
ɪ	ǐ
ʊ	ǔ
ɜː	ǎ
ʌ	ů
ɑ	å
j	y
θ	th
ð	dh
ɹ	r
ʃ	sh
ʒ	zh
ʤ	j
ʧ	ch
Vː	VV
◌̯

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions

Nouns

Articles

Definite	vlǎj /vlɜːʤ/ the
Indefinite	ga /gæ/ a, some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’
• Used with place names: ‘The London’

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific means ‘Would you like some (any) tea?’ whereas specific means ‘Some tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck’

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative
1st singular	fla /flæ/ I	eb /ɛb/ me
2nd singular	ji /ʤiː/ you	nůzh /nʌʒ/ you
3rd singular	zbiz /zbiːz/ he, she, it	såt /sɑt/ him, her, it
1st plural	smoǔ /smoʊ̯/ we	chhǐ /ʧhɪ/ us
2nd plural	dhoi /ðɔɪ̯/ you all	ve /vɛ/ you all
3rd plural	ja /ʤæ/ they	tmil /tmiːl/ them

Possessive determiners

1st singular	fli /fliː/ my
2nd singular	nie /naɪ̯/ your
3rd singular	dlå /dlɑ/ his, her, its
1st plural	pe /pɛ/ our
2nd plural	threr /θɹɛɹ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	jǔs /ʤʊs/ their

Verbs

Såshnin uses a standalone particle word for past tense:

Past	Particle before the verb: ftɑ - ftå tǎt /ftɑ tɜːt/ learned

Såshnin uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: mlɜːs - mlǎs tǎt /mlɜːs tɜːt/ will learn

Progressive aspect

The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.
Såshnin uses a standalone particle word for progressive:

Progressive

Particle before the verb: sʊ - sǔ tǎt /sʊ tɜːt/ is learning

Habitual aspect

The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).
Såshnin uses a standalone particle word for habitual:

Habitual

Particle before the verb: pɹaʊ̯m - proum tǎt /pɹaʊ̯m tɜːt/ learns

Numbers

Såshnin has a base-10 number system:
1 - bloǔ
2 - o
3 - prǐ
4 - vyům
5 - nle
6 - zyo
7 - chhå
8 - lyi
9 - vnåb
10 - sen
Hundred - loig
Thousand - shmǎlayt

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -v
Else: Suffix -ɑv
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -b
Else: Suffix -ɪb
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -ɔɪ̯
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -iː
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -uː
Noun to verb = Suffix -ɑ
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -æ
Tending to = If ends with vowel: Suffix -l
Else: Suffix -ɪl
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix æfw-
Else: Prefix æfwɛ-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -iːn
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɹʒiː
Else: Suffix -uːɹʒiː
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -aɪ̯ʒ
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix st-
Else: Prefix stɜː-
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʤ
Else: Suffix -iːʤ

Dictionary

3048 Words.