Natively known as: Sazmams /ˈsæzmɑmz/
...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
proints yed grear sulf there frairs proints ceimp tear grear tralplecked mims vethlerms
Pronunciation: /pɹɔɪnts jɛd ɡɹɪə sʌlf ðɛə fɹaɪɹz pɹɔɪnts keɪmp tɪə ɡɹɪə ˈtɹælplɛkt mɪmz ˈvɛθlɛɹmz/
Sazmamsian word order: and he his hat holding stood and the wind to his wet face turned
Spelling & Phonology
Consonant inventory: /b d f h j k l m n p r s t v w z ð ŋ ɡ ɹ ɾ ʃ ʍ ʤ ʧ θ/
| ↓Manner/Place→ |
Bilabial |
Labiodental |
Dental |
Alveolar |
Palato-alveolar |
Palatal |
Velar |
Glottal |
| Nasal |
m |
|
|
n |
|
|
ŋ |
|
| Stop |
p b |
|
|
t d |
|
|
k ɡ |
|
| Affricate |
|
|
|
|
ʧ ʤ |
|
|
|
| Fricative |
|
f v |
θ ð |
s z |
ʃ |
|
|
h |
| Approximant |
|
|
|
ɹ |
|
j |
|
|
| Tap |
|
|
|
ɾ |
|
|
|
|
| Trill |
|
|
|
r |
|
|
|
|
| Lateral approximant |
|
|
|
l |
|
|
|
|
Co-articulated phonemes
| ↓Manner/Place→ |
Labial-velar |
| Approximant |
ʍ w |
Vowel inventory: /aɪ aʊ eɪ iː oʊ uː æ ɑ ɑː ɔɪ ɔː ɛ ɛə ɜː ɪ ɪə ʊ ʊə ʌ/
Diphthongs: aɪ, aʊ, eɪ, oʊ, ɔɪ, ɛə, ɪə, ʊə
|
Front |
Central |
Back |
| High |
iː |
|
uː |
| Near-high |
ɪ |
|
ʊ |
| Low-mid |
ɛ |
ɜː |
ʌ ɔː |
| Near-low |
æ |
|
|
| Low |
|
|
ɑ ɑː |
Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable
Word initial consonants: b, bl, bɹ, d, dɹ, f, fl, fɹ, h, j, k, kl, kw, kɹ, l, m, n, p, pl, pɹ, s, sk, skw, skɹ, sl, sm, sn, sp, spl, spɹ, st, stɹ, sw, t, th, tw, tɹ, v, w, ð, ɡ, ɡl, ɡɹ, ɹ, ʃ, ʃɹ, ʍ, ʤ, ʧ, θ, θɹ
Mid-word consonants: b, bd, bj, bl, bm, bn, bs, bskj, bskɹ, bst, bstɹ, bt, bv, bz, bɹ, bɾ, bʤ, d, df, dj, dkw, dl, dm, dn, ds, dv, dw, dɡ, dɡɹ, dɹ, dʃ, f, fj, fl, fspɹ, ft, ftl, ftw, fɹ, h, j, k, kd, kf, kj, kl, km, kn, ks, ksf, ksk, kskj, kskl, kskw, ksm, ksp, kspl, kspɹ, kst, kstɹ, ksw, ksʧ, kt, ktf, ktl, ktɹ, kw, kz, kɡɹ, kɹ, kʃ, kʧ, l, lb, ld, ldf, ldh, ldl, ldn, ldɹ, lf, lj, lk, lkj, ll, lm, ln, lp, lpf, lpl, lptj, ls, lsh, lsʍ, lt, ltj, ltɹ, lv, lw, lð, lɡ, lɡɹ, lɹ, lʤ, lʧ, lθ, m, mb, mbl, mbɹ, mf, mfl, mft, mfɹ, mh, mj, ml, mn, mp, mpj, mpl, mpt, mptl, mpɹ, mpʃ, mpʧ, ms, mst, mt, mw, mz, mɹ, mʧ, mθ, n, nb, nbɹ, nd, ndj, ndl, ndm, ndɹ, nf, nfj, nfl, nfɹ, nh, nj, nk, nkl, nkw, nkɹ, nl, nm, nn, npl, ns, nsf, nsj, nskɹ, nsl, nsm, nsp, nst, nstɹ, nt, ntl, ntm, ntɹ, nv, nw, nz, nzl, nzp, nɡ, nɡɹ, nɹ, nʃ, nʤ, nʤm, nʧ, nθj, p, pj, pl, pm, pt, pw, pɹ, pʃ, pʧ, s, sd, sf, sj, sk, skj, skl, skɹ, sl, sm, sn, sp, spj, spl, st, stj, stl, stm, stw, stɹ, sw, sɡ, sɡɹ, sʧ, t, tb, tf, tj, tl, tm, tn, ts, tsm, tw, tɹ, v, vj, vl, vm, vn, vɹ, w, z, zb, zd, zj, zl, zm, ð, ðdɹ, ðst, ŋ, ŋk, ŋkt, ŋkw, ŋkʃ, ŋkʧ, ŋl, ŋɡ, ŋɡj, ŋɡl, ŋɡw, ŋɡɹ, ɡ, ɡj, ɡl, ɡm, ɡn, ɡz, ɡɹ, ɡʤ, ɹ, ɹb, ɹd, ɹf, ɹk, ɹl, ɹm, ɹml, ɹn, ɹpl, ɹs, ɹsm, ɹt, ɹtl, ɹv, ɹɡ, ɹʃ, ɹʤ, ɹʧ, ɹθw, ɾ, ʃ, ʃm, ʃn, ʤ, ʤm, ʤt, ʧ, ʧl, ʧm, θ, θf, θl, θɹ
Word final consonants: b, bd, bl, bz, d, dst, dz, f, fs, ft, k, ks, kst, kt, kts, l, ld, ldz, lf, lk, lm, ls, lt, lts, lv, lvd, lvz, lz, lθ, m, md, mp, mps, mpt, mz, n, nd, ndz, ns, nst, nt, nts, nz, nʤ, nʤd, nʧ, nθ, p, ps, pt, r, rm, s, sk, sp, spt, st, sts, t, ts, v, vd, vz, z, zd, ð, ðz, ŋ, ŋd, ŋk, ŋks, ŋkt, ŋz, ɡ, ɡd, ɡz, ɹ, ɹd, ɹdz, ɹk, ɹks, ɹkt, ɹm, ɹmd, ɹmz, ɹn, ɹnd, ɹs, ɹst, ɹt, ɹts, ɹz, ɹʃ, ɹʧt, ɹθ, ʃ, ʃt, ʤ, ʤd, ʧ, ʧt, θ, θs
Phonological changes (in order of application):
- n → Ø / _r
- s → r / _#
- {k,ɡ} → [+palato-alveolar] / _E
- k → ʧ / _E
- j → ð / V_
- r → s / _s
- l → Ø / _{m,s,k}
- b → u / V_{l,r}
- {p,k} → [+voice] / V_V
- n → Ø / _s
- V → [+round] / w_
How to read phonological rules
Spelling rules:
| Pronunciation |
Spelling |
| kw |
qu |
| kt# |
cked |
| k |
c / !_{ɪ,i,ɛ,e,s} |
| oʊ(C) |
o1e |
| uː(C)# |
u1e |
| eɪ(C)# |
a1e |
| ð |
th |
| θ |
th |
| ʍ |
wh |
| ŋɡ |
ng |
| ŋk |
nk |
| ɡ |
g |
| ŋ |
ng |
| ʧ |
ch |
| ʃ |
sh |
| ɹ |
r |
| (Cz,s}# |
1s |
| z# |
s |
| (C)ju |
1u |
| cc |
ck |
| c# |
k |
| (Ct,d}# |
1ed |
| aʊ# |
ow |
| aʊ |
ou |
| ɔɪ |
oi |
| ɪə |
ear |
| ɪ# |
y |
| ɪ |
i |
| ji |
yi |
| j |
y |
| iː# |
y |
| yy# |
yi |
| #y# |
i |
| ʌ |
u |
| iː |
ee |
| oʊ |
o |
| ʊ |
oo |
| ɛ |
e |
| ɑː? |
a |
| æ(t,l,s,z)# |
a11 |
| æ |
a |
| #ʤ |
j |
| ʤ# |
ge |
| ʤ |
dg |
| ɜː |
ur |
| ɔː |
or |
| uː |
u |
| quur |
quir |
| eə |
ere |
Grammar
Main word order: Subject (Prepositional phrase) Object Verb. "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into
Mary with a key the door opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions
Nouns
Nouns have seven cases:
- Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
- Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
- Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
- Dative is the recipeint of something: man gives ball to dog.
- Locative is the location of something: man goes to town.
- Ablative is movement away from something: man walks from town.
- Instrumental is the use of something: man writes with (using) pen.
| Nominative |
No affix
lured /lʌɹd/
doɡ (doinɡ the verb) |
| Accusative |
Suffix -ɛlt
lurdeled /ˈlʌɹdɛlt/
(verb done to) doɡ |
| Genitive |
Suffix -ɛə
lurdere /ˈlʌɹdɛə/
doɡʼs |
| Dative |
If ends with vowel: Suffix -lts
Else: Suffix -ʌlts
lurdults /ˈlʌɹdʌlts/
to (the/a) doɡ |
| Locative |
Suffix -ɪk
lurdik /ˈlʌɹdɪk/
near/at/by (the/a) doɡ |
| Ablative |
Suffix -iː
lurdy /ˈlʌɹdiː/
from (the/a) doɡ |
| Instrumental |
Suffix -oʊ
lurdo /ˈlʌɹdoʊ/
with/usinɡ (the/a) doɡ |
|
Singular |
Plural |
| Masculine |
Suffix -aɪ
thouai /ˈθaʊaɪ/
man |
Suffix -uːfs
thouufs /ˈθaʊuːfs/
men |
| Feminine |
If ends with vowel: Suffix -p
Else: Suffix -ɔːp
fablorp /ˈfæblɔːp/
woman |
If ends with vowel: Suffix -ks
Else: Suffix -ɔɪks
fabloics /ˈfæblɔɪks/
women |
| Neuter |
Suffix -ɑ
lurda /ˈlʌɹdɑ/
doɡ |
Suffix -ʊl
lurdool /ˈlʌɹdʊl/
doɡs |
Articles
|
Definite |
Indefinite |
| Singular |
sly /sliː/
the |
strouf /stɹaʊf/
a |
| Plural |
squear /skwɪə/
the |
glelf /ɡlɛlf/
some |
Pronouns
|
Nominative |
Accusative |
Genitive |
Dative |
Locative |
Ablative |
Instrumental |
| 1st singular |
choimped /ʧɔɪmpt/
I |
durds /dɜːdz/
me |
twands /twɑndz/
mine |
ceshed /kɛʃt/
to me |
hor /hɔː/
at me |
brurd /bɹɜːd/
from me |
cercked /kɛɹkt/
with/using me |
| 2nd singular |
ces /kɛz/
you (masc) |
wurch /wɜːʧ/
you |
vened /vɛnd/
yours |
sans /sæns/
to you |
threi /θɹeɪ/
at you |
trak /tɹæk/
from you |
frai /fɹaɪ/
with/using you |
| 3rd singular masc |
yed /jɛd/
he |
flo /floʊ/
him |
grear /ɡɹɪə/
his |
feins /feɪnz/
to him |
proifs /pɹɔɪfs/
at him |
sno /snoʊ/
from him |
wou /waʊ/
with/using him |
| 3rd singular fem |
ho /hoʊ/
she |
pep /pɛp/
her |
doub /daʊb/
hers |
fluls /fluːls/
to her |
rute /ɹuːt/
at her |
yi /jiː/
from her |
mere /mɛə/
with/using her |
| 3rd singular neut |
vy /viː/
it |
tere /tɛə/
it |
smai /smaɪ/
its |
bei /beɪ/
to it |
tear /tɪə/
at it |
rudsed /ɹuːdst/
from it |
famps /fæmps/
with/using it |
| 1st plural |
snor /snɔː/
we |
spei /speɪ/
us |
dear /dɪə/
ours |
vecs /vɛks/
to us |
shroubs /ʃɹaʊbz/
at us |
sly /sliː/
from us |
strurlth /stɹɜːlθ/
with/using us |
| 2nd plural |
doums /daʊmz/
you all |
traps /tɹæps/
you all |
dralk /dɹælk/
yours (pl) |
swecked /swɛkt/
to you all |
squere /skwɛə/
at you all |
fange /fænʤ/
from you all |
thoised /ðɔɪst/
with/using you all |
| 3rd plural masc |
perned /pɛɹnd/
they (masc) |
wurb /wɜːb/
them (masc) |
ror /ɹɔː/
theirs (masc) |
pla /plɑ/
to them (masc) |
scor /skɔː/
at them (masc) |
wurcked /wɜːkt/
from them (masc) |
sa /sɑ/
with/using them (masc) |
| 3rd plural fem |
twa /twɑ/
they (fem) |
sai /saɪ/
them (fem) |
yeng /jɛŋ/
theirs (fem) |
belv /bɛlv/
to them (fem) |
saved /sævd/
at them (fem) |
la /lɑ/
from them (fem) |
wougd /waʊɡd/
with/using them (fem) |
| 3rd plural neut |
fash /fæʃ/
they (neut) |
cy /kiː/
them (neut) |
spy /spiː/
theirs (neut) |
thai /thaɪ/
to them (neut) |
sav /sæv/
at them (neut) |
sei /seɪ/
from them (neut) |
scro /skɹoʊ/
with/using them (neut) |
Possessive determiners
| 1st singular |
twands /twɑndz/
my |
| 2nd singular |
vened /vɛnd/
your |
| 3rd singular masc |
grear /ɡɹɪə/
his |
| 3rd singular fem |
doub /daʊb/
her |
| 3rd singular neut |
smai /smaɪ/
its |
| 1st plural |
dear /dɪə/
our |
| 2nd plural |
dralk /dɹælk/
your (pl) |
| 3rd plural masc |
ror /ɹɔː/
their (masc) |
| 3rd plural fem |
yeng /jɛŋ/
their (fem) |
| 3rd plural neut |
spy /spiː/
their (neut) |
Verbs
| Future |
Suffix -oʊl
jastol /ˈʤɑstoʊl/
will learn |
Sazmamsian uses a standalone particle word for past tense:
| Past |
Particle before the verb: dɹæt -
dratt jased /dɹæt ʤɑst/
learned |
Progressive aspect
The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as
I am learning.
Sazmamsian uses an affix for progressive:
| Progressive |
Suffix -aɪ
jastai /ˈʤɑstaɪ/
is learninɡ |
Habitual aspect
The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as
I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (
I learned something).
Sazmamsian uses an affix for habitual:
| Habitual |
Suffix -ɔɪ
jastoi /ˈʤɑstɔɪ/
learns |
Numbers
Sazmamsian has a base-10 number system:
1 - wou
2 - trats
3 - plashed
4 - luce
5 - pids
6 - sask
7 - ja
8 - twa
9 - sarn
10 - moi
11 - moi proints wou “ten and one”
100 - wou lunge “one hundred”
101 - wou lunge wou “one hundred one”
200 - trats lunge
1000 - wou sungs “one thousand”
Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -kt
Else: Suffix -ɑkt
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʃt
Else: Suffix -aʊʃt
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -oʊ
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -iːd
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɹmd
Else: Suffix -ɪɹmd
Noun to verb = Suffix -ɔː
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -nts
Else: Suffix -ɪnts
Tending to = Suffix -eɪ
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -ɔɪ
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -iː
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -mp
Else: Suffix -ɪmp
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -nts
Else: Suffix -ɛnts
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɹz
Else: Suffix -oʊɹz
Augmentative = Suffix -ɜː
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