Thortuian

Natively known as: thortu /ˈθørtʌ/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
rin ho nile ro thithin nulo rin ro tehtin thirrin richo rohu i
Pronunciation: /rin hø ˈnile rø ˈθiθin ˈnʌlø rin rø ˈtehtin ˈθirrin ˈricø ˈrøhʌ i/
Thortuian word order: and he stood hat his holding and his face wet turned the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: c h l n r t θ

↓Manner/Place→	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Glottal
Nasal		n
Stop		t	c
Fricative	θ			h
Trill		r
Lateral approximant		l

Vowel inventory: e i ø ʌ

	Front	Back
High	i
High-mid	e ø
Low-mid		ʌ

Syllable structure: (C)V(C) ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ø	o
ʌ	u
θ	th
c	ch

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Object Verb (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door opened with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have four cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.

Nouns form plural with separate plural word:

Plural

Particle before the noun: tʌ - tu hotte /tʌ ˈhøtte/ dogs

Nominative	No affix hotte /ˈhøtte/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -θ Else: Suffix -ʌθ hotteth /ˈhøtteθ/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	If ends with vowel: Suffix -rre Else: Suffix -irre hotterre /høtˈterre/ dogʼs
Dative	Suffix -in hottein /høtˈtein/ to dog

Articles

Definite	rit /rit/ the
Indefinite	hi /hi/ a, some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Definite article can be omitted: ‘I am going to supermarket’
• Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’
• Used with place names: ‘The London’

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific means ‘Would you like some (any) tea?’ whereas specific means ‘Some tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck’

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative
1st singular	nul /nʌl/ I	thu /θʌ/ me	thi /θi/ mine	nen /nen/ to me
2nd singular	rin /rin/ you	re /re/ you	le /le/ yours	hul /hʌl/ to you
3rd singular	ho /hø/ he, she, it	he /he/ his, her, it	thul /θʌl/ his, hers, its	te /te/ to his, to her, to it
1st plural inclusive	ti /ti/ we (including you)	toch /tøc/ us (including you)	tu /tʌ/ ours (including you)	tin /tin/ to us (including you)
1st plural exclusive	o /ø/ we (excluding you)	lo /lø/ us (excluding you)	li /li/ ours (excluding you)	thuth /θʌθ/ to us (excluding you)
2nd plural	hi /hi/ you all	hu /hʌ/ you all	hel /hel/ yours (pl)	luch /lʌc/ to you all
3rd plural	hich /hic/ they	rech /rec/ them	no /nø/ theirs	hech /hec/ to them

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	ri /ri/ my
2nd singular	ho /hø/ your
3rd singular	ro /rø/ his, her, its
1st plural inclusive	teth /teθ/ our (including you)
1st plural exclusive	lu /lʌ/ our (excluding you)
2nd plural	hul /hʌl/ your (pl)
3rd plural	thu /θʌ/ their

Verbs

Present	No affix rerre /ˈrerre/ learn
Past	Suffix -ʌ rerreu /reˈrreʌ/ learned
Remote past	If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -øn rerren /ˈrerren/ learned (long ago)
Future	If ends with vowel: Suffix -nnø Else: Suffix -ʌnnø rerrenno /reˈrrennø/ will learn

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Thortuian uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Suffix -ʌ rerreu /reˈrreʌ/ have learned

Numbers

Thortuian has a base-10 number system:
1 - lo
2 - hun
3 - lech
4 - tol
5 - hon
6 - rortuth
7 - hoth
8 - tehu
9 - ru
10 - tirru
100 - hine
1000 - toth

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -rtø
Else: Suffix -ʌrtø
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -e
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -θ
Else: Suffix -øθ
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -i
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -rre
Else: Suffix -irre
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -ʌn
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -θ
Else: Suffix -øθ
Tending to = Suffix -ʌ
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -l
Else: Suffix -il
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -te
Else: Suffix -øte
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -c
Else: Suffix -ec
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -l
Else: Suffix -ʌl
Diminutive = Suffix -i
Augmentative = Suffix -i

Dictionary

214 Words.

• e /e/ v. say, tell, speak, state, declare, explain
• ehuch /ˈehʌc/ n. hag (old woman)
• eloni /eˈløni/ n. position (location)
• eni /ˈeni/ n. merchandise
• erre /ˈerre/ adj. possible
• etli /ˈetli/ n. monster
• hecheth /ˈheceθ/ v. define
• hel /hel/ adv. there
• helthith /ˈhelθiθ/ v. clear
• henhon /ˈhenhøn/ n. mirror
• henon /ˈhenøn/ n. north
• herhel /ˈherhel/ interj. welcome
• heruth /ˈherʌθ/ n. committee
• hethun /ˈheθʌn/ v. believe
• hetru /ˈhetrʌ/ v. leave (depart), depart
• hi /hi/ art. a, some
• hicho /ˈhicø/ n. expert
• hihlen /ˈhihlen/ v. treat
• hihu /ˈhihʌ/ v. lean, bow (greet)
• hilni /ˈhilni/ n. danger, hazard, trouble
• hilro /ˈhilrø/ v. buy, purchase, shop
• hinel /ˈhinel/ n. return
• hinin /ˈhinin/ n. wolf
• hinreni /hiˈnreni/ adj. cheap
• hirel /ˈhirel/ n. ground
• hirnete /hirˈnete/ n. opening
• hirtu /ˈhirtʌ/ v. ring
• hithol /ˈhiθøl/ n. culture
• hitlunil /hiˈtlʌnil/ n. decision
• hitti /ˈhitti/ adj. exact, precise, definite
• ho /hø/ pron. he, she, it
• hohinil /høˈhinil/ n. suggestion
• hohu /ˈhøhʌ/ adv. almost
• holel /ˈhølel/ v. catch
• holohi /høˈløhi/ adj. probable
• holthich /ˈhølθic/ n. ink
• honhelnin /hønˈhelnin/ v. rate
• honrel /ˈhønrel/ v. fight
• hornilu /hørˈnilʌ/ n. space (empty area), room (space)
• hote /ˈhøte/ n. technology
• hotleni /høˈtleni/ adj. normal
• hotrin /ˈhøtrin/ n. media
• hotte /ˈhøtte/ n. dog
• houn /ˈhøʌn/ n. ear
• huhte /ˈhʌhte/ n. bird
• hulni /ˈhʌlni/ v. wake, wake up, get up
• hunhi /ˈhʌnhi/ n. thing, stuff, matter (substance, material)
• hunnu /ˈhʌnnʌ/ n. ray (of light), radius
• hurri /ˈhʌrri/ v. hiss
• hute /ˈhʌte/ n. cloud
• hutlith /ˈhʌtliθ/ prep. around
• icho /ˈicø/ v. damage, impair
• il /il/ adv. down
• ilol /ˈiløl/ n. leaf, foliage
• inelnich /iˈnelnic/ n. reason, logic, rationale
• innonu /inˈnønʌ/ adj. naked, nude
• irni /ˈirni/ n. hood
• itith /ˈitiθ/ n. west
• ittul /ˈittʌl/ n. fiction
• lehti /ˈlehti/ n. prison, jail
• lelthi /ˈlelθi/ n. letter (written document)
• leotle /leˈøtle/ adj. short, low
• lerroi /leˈrrøi/ adj. successful
• letho /ˈleθø/ v. spit
• leul /ˈleʌl/ n. recognition
• lie /ˈlie/ n. country (rural area)
• lilitlo /liˈlitlø/ n. erection
• lin /lin/ n. party
• linrith /ˈlinriθ/ n. excuse
• lirnich /ˈlirnic/ n. chin
• litho /ˈliθø/ v. involve, entail
• litlichil /liˈtlicil/ n. laugh
• lo /lø/ pron. us (excluding you)
• loho /ˈløhø/ v. whistle
• lol /løl/ prep. like
• lolo /ˈlølø/ v. shake, shudder
• lonru /ˈlønrʌ/ prep. upon
• lorno /ˈlørnø/ n. air
• lotri /ˈløtri/ n. balcony
• luch /lʌc/ pron. to you all
• luhtoi /lʌhˈtøi/ adj. golden
• lulo /ˈlʌlø/ v. plan
• lunol /ˈlʌnøl/ n. chest
• luthil /ˈlʌθil/ n. start, beginning
• lutto /ˈlʌttø/ n. poison
• nehi /ˈnehi/ n. saddle
• nehto /ˈnehtø/ adv. later
• nelith /ˈneliθ/ adv. else, otherwise
• nene /ˈnene/ n. bridge
• nernerre /nerˈnerre/ adj. available
• neruchi /neˈrʌci/ v. establish
• netlul tohtol /ˈnetlʌl ˈtøhtøl/ n. branch (tree part)
• nich /nic/ n. owner
• nihi /ˈnihi/ n. mountain, hill
• nihtith /ˈnihtiθ/ n. earth
• nilnol /ˈnilnøl/ n. repetition
• nin /nin/ adj. even, flat, parallel
• ninun /ˈninʌn/ n. phone
• nirnu /ˈnirnʌ/ n. blasphemy, heresy
• nith /niθ/ v. talk, speak
• nitlil /ˈnitlil/ adj. new, fresh
• nittin /ˈnittin/ n. sheep
• nochun /ˈnøcʌn/ n. aunt
• nohtoltho /nøhˈtølθø/ n. shit
• nolo /ˈnølø/ n. store, shop, business
• none /ˈnøne/ v. roast
• nonroth /ˈnønrøθ/ n. place
• norril /ˈnørril/ n. interest (curiosity, concern)
• notrorhech /nøˈtrørhec/ n. detail
• notto /ˈnøttø/ n. cat
• nuche /ˈnʌce/ v. describe
• nuhto /ˈnʌhtø/ n. life (lifetime), life (soul)
• nulnith /ˈnʌlniθ/ n. camera
• nunheth /ˈnʌnheθ/ n. leg, thigh, lap
• nurhith /ˈnʌrhiθ/ n. manner
• nuth /nʌθ/ n. health
• nutlo /ˈnʌtlø/ n. ceiling, maximum
• ochil /ˈøcil/ n. victory
• olich /ˈølic/ n. teacher
• olu /ˈølʌ/ v. put (place), lay
• onno /ˈønnø/ v. secure
• orhute /ørˈhʌte/ n. knowledge
• oti /ˈøti/ n. news
• rechi /ˈreci/ n. daughter
• rehtuth /ˈrehtʌθ/ n. beast
• relthech /ˈrelθec/ n. comfort
• renich /ˈrenic/ adj. cool (fashionable)
• rerni nihtu /ˈrerni ˈnihtʌ/ n. necklace
• rethe /ˈreθe/ v. measure
• retti /ˈretti/ v. consider, estimate
• richuth /ˈricʌθ/ n. theater, stage, arena
• rihto /ˈrihtø/ adj. wide, broad
• rilrechil /riˈlrecil/ n. growth
• rinhen /ˈrinhen/ adj. fine (okay)
• rinne /ˈrinne/ n. spoon
• rio /ˈriø/ v. search, look up, explore, scan
• rirnoch /ˈrirnøc/ n. florist
• rithi /ˈriθi/ n. humor
• ritol /ˈritøl/ n. forest
• rittoth /ˈrittøθ/ v. rise
• rohle /ˈrøhle/ v. count, calculate
• rolith /ˈrøliθ/ adj. crazy, insane
• rolthi /ˈrølθi/ n. report
• ronhol /ˈrønhøl/ n. bee
• ronui /røˈnʌi/ adj. painful
• rorrehlich /røˈrrehlic/ n. manager
• rortuth /ˈrørtʌθ/ num. six
• rotin /ˈrøtin/ n. tear
• rou /ˈrøʌ/ prep. between
• ruhene /rʌˈhene/ n. evidence
• run /rʌn/ det. which
• runul /ˈrʌnʌl/ n. tower
• rutitro /rʌˈtitrø/ n. anxiety
• te /te/ adv. also, as well
• techirre /teˈcirre/ adj. personal
• tel /tel/ prep. by (using the means of), by (using a route)
• telro /ˈtelrø/ n. sock
• tenhi /ˈtenhi/ det. both
• terhil /ˈterhil/ v. stick
• terrotho /teˈrrøθø/ v. appreciate
• tethi /ˈteθi/ n. fence
• tetri /ˈtetri/ n. sleep
• thelith /ˈθeliθ/ n. tray, platter
• then /θen/ v. ask (inquire), interrogate
• thenru /ˈθenrʌ/ n. morning, dawn
• therrich /ˈθerric/ v. chase
• thetin /ˈθetin/ n. farm, pasture
• thi /θi/ prep. with (accompanied by)
• thihtoch /ˈθihtøc/ n. fan
• thilolu /θiˈlølʌ/ adj. offensive
• thini /ˈθini/ n. sense
• thinron /ˈθinrøn/ v. like, enjoy
• thinuth /ˈθinʌθ/ adj. flat
• thirrin /ˈθirrin/ adj. wet
• thiteri /θiˈteri/ v. exist
• thitreth /ˈθitreθ/ n. paint
• thohlil /ˈθøhlil/ n. cheese
• tholninnu /θølˈninnʌ/ n. brother
• thoni /ˈθøni/ n. pig
• thorroth /ˈθørrøθ/ n. helmet
• thotoroch /θøˈtørøc/ n. sailor
• thuchi /ˈθʌci/ v. dream
• thul /θʌl/ pron. his, hers, its
• thulru /ˈθʌlrʌ/ v. sit
• thunne /ˈθʌnne/ v. row
• thurtoth /ˈθʌrtøθ/ v. drift
• ti /ti/ det. what
• tihi /ˈtihi/ v. hate
• tihtith /ˈtihtiθ/ adj. stupid, dumb, silly
• tilnothil /tilˈnøθil/ n. explanation
• tin /tin/ pron. to us (including you)
• tinith /ˈtiniθ/ n. battle, combat
• tirni /ˈtirni/ n. state (province, country)
• tirtin /ˈtirtin/ n. shoe
• titho /ˈtiθø/ v. rub, wipe
• tito /ˈtitø/ n. weight, leverage
• titto /ˈtittø/ v. bite
• tochelthi /tøˈcelθi/ v. ride
• toleth /ˈtøleθ/ v. smile
• tolthu /ˈtølθʌ/ n. pipe, valve, vent
• tonni /ˈtønni/ adj. pretty
• tori /ˈtøri/ n. magazine
• torirho /tøˈrirhø/ adj. big, great (very large), massive, enormous
• torroli /tøˈrrøli/ n. trunk (large box)
• totith /ˈtøtiθ/ n. nest, den
• tuchuth /ˈtʌcʌθ/ n. row
• tuli /ˈtʌli/ v. behave
• tunich /ˈtʌnic/ v. jerk
• turoth /ˈtʌrøθ/ adv. often
• turtuth /ˈtʌrtʌθ/ n. unit
• u /ʌ/ conj. or, either
• uhlun /ˈʌhlʌn/ adv. behind
• uith /ˈʌiθ/ adj. round
• unirron /ʌˈnirrøn/ n. mistake, error

Common Unisex Names

Hottech /ˈhøttec/ Thohu /ˈθøhʌ/ Irrolen /iˈrrølen/ (Gendered names aren't a thing)