Krädti

Natively known as: krädt /kʁɛːt/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...

loü schpe dö frass inntlü jonndt loü dö kohsch öndt glönk ködt u

Pronunciation: /lɔʏ ʃpə dœ fʁas ɪnˈtlyː jɔnt lɔʏ dœ koːʃ øːnt glœŋk køːt uː/

Krädti word order: and he his hat holding stood and his wet face the wind to turned

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: /b d f g h j k l m n p s t v x z ç ŋ ʁ ʃ ʔ ʦ ʧ χ/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m		n			ŋ
Stop	p b		t d			k g		ʔ
Affricate			ʦ	ʧ
Fricative		f v	s z	ʃ	ç	x	χ ʁ	h
Approximant					j
Lateral approximant			l

Vowel inventory: /a aɪ aʊ aː e eː i iː o oː u uː y yː øː œ ɐ ɔ ɔʏ ə ɛ ɛː ɪ ʊ ʏ/





Diphthongs: aɪ, aʊ, ɔʏ

	Front	Central	Back
High	iː i yː y		uː u
Near-high	ɪ ʏ		ʊ
High-mid	eː e øː		oː o
Mid		ə
Low-mid	ɛ ɛː œ		ɔ
Near-low		ɐ
Low	a aː

Syllable structure: Custom defined

Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable

Word initial consonants: b, bl, bʁ, d, dʁ, f, fl, fʁ, g, gl, gʁ, h, j, k, kl, kn, kv, kʁ, l, m, n, p, pf, pl, pʁ, s, t, tʁ, v, z, ʁ, ʃ, ʃl, ʃm, ʃn, ʃp, ʃpʁ, ʃt, ʃtʁ, ʃv, ʃʁ, ʔ, ʦ, ʦv

Mid-word consonants: b, bl, bʁ, d, f, fg, fh, fn, fp, ft, ftʁ, fʁ, g, gn, h, j, k, kl, ks, kt, kv, kz, kʦ, l, lb, ld, lf, lft, lg, lk, lt, ltz, lz, lç, lʃ, m, mb, mbʁ, ml, mn, mp, mpf, mpj, n, nbl, nd, nf, ng, ngl, ngʁ, nh, nl, nm, nst, nt, ntk, ntl, ntv, ntʔ, nv, nz, nçm, nʁ, nʃ, nʦ, nʧ, p, pf, pl, pv, pz, s, sf, sh, sl, st, stk, sv, sz, sç, sʔ, t, tbʁ, tk, tn, tv, tz, tç, tʔ, v, x, xd, xt, xʁ, z, ç, çk, çl, çst, çt, çtl, ŋ, ŋk, ŋkʦj, ŋn, ŋz, ʁ, ʁb, ʁd, ʁdn, ʁf, ʁg, ʁh, ʁk, ʁkl, ʁl, ʁm, ʁn, ʁnz, ʁp, ʁt, ʁtl, ʁv, ʁz, ʁç, ʁçtb, ʁʃl, ʃ, ʃp, ʃpʁ, ʃt, ʃv, ʔ, ʦ, ʦd, ʦj, χ

Word final consonants: f, ft, gŋ, k, ks, kt, l, lk, lp, lpst, ls, lt, lʃ, m, mpf, n, nf, nft, ns, nst, nt, nts, nʃ, p, pf, pt, pʃ, s, st, t, tl, ts, tst, x, xt, ç, çt, çts, ŋ, ŋk, ŋks, ŋkt, ŋst, ʁ, ʁf, ʁk, ʁl, ʁn, ʁnst, ʁt, ʁts, ʁç, ʁʃ, ʃ, ʧ





Phonological changes (in order of application):

• ŋ → n / _#
• u → ∅ / o
• t → d / _V
• s → h / V_V
• [+stop] → [+voice] / V_V
• o → u / _#
• j → t / #_
• V → [+round] / _u

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
v	w
p	b / _#
t	dt / _#
ks	chs
x	ch
ç	ch
ʃ	sch
ʁ	r
z	s
ʦ	z
k	ck / {a,e,i,o,u,œ,ɐ,ɔ,ɛ,ɪ,ʊ,ʏ}_
{m,b,l,t,n,p,s}	@@ / {a,e,i,o,u,œ,ɐ,ɔ,ɛ,ɪ,ʊ,ʏ}_
ŋk	nk
ŋ	ng
ʦj	ti
ʦ	zt / _#
ʦ	z
iː	ie
ɛː	ä
ɛ	ä | e
œ	ö
aʊ	au
oː	o | oh | oo
ɔ	o
ɔʏ	eu
aɪ	ei | ai
yː	ü
ʏ	ü
uː	u | uh
ʊ	u
aː	a
ɐ	er / !_r
ɐ	e
ɪ	i
øː	ö
ø	ö
eː	ä | äh | e | eh | ee
ə	e
ʔ	∅

---

Grammar

Main word order: Subject Object (Prepositional phrase) Verb. "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary the door with a key opened.

Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.

Adposition: postpositions

Nouns

Nouns have two cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.

Nominative	No affix ullb /ʊlp/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	Suffix -ə ullpe /ʊlˈpə/ (verb done to) dog

Singular	No affix ullb /ʊlp/ dog
Plural	Suffix -ɐ ullper /ʊlˈpɐ/ dogs

Articles

Krädti has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative
1st singular	e /ə/ I	lirf /liʁf/ me
2nd singular	dä /dɛː/ you (masc)	flä /flɛ/ you
3rd singular masc	schpe /ʃpə/ he, it	ju /jʊ/ him, it
3rd singular fem	draub /dʁaʊp/ she, it	ra /ʁaː/ her, it
1st plural	e /ʔɛ/ we	ö /œ/ us
2nd plural	küll /kʏl/ you all	he /hə/ you all
3rd plural	ple /plə/ they	nynkdt /nyŋkt/ them

Possessive determiners

1st singular	soh /zoː/ my
2nd singular	eenfdt /eːnft/ your
3rd singular masc	dö /dœ/ his
3rd singular fem	lä /lɛː/ her
1st plural	knoü /knɔʏ/ our
2nd plural	fai /faɪ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	kügng /kʏgŋ/ their

Verbs

Present	No affix kürdt /kʏʁt/ learn
Past	If starts with vowel: Prefix j- Else: Prefix jʊ- juckürdt /jʊˈkʏʁt/ learned

Krädti uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: vɪŋst - wingsdt kürdt /vɪŋst kʏʁt/ will learn

Imperfective aspect





The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).





Krädti uses a standalone particle word for imperfective:

Imperfective

Particle before the verb: blaʁ - blar kürdt /blaʁ kʏʁt/ learns/is learning

Perfect aspect





The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.





Krädti uses the word for ‘already’ eing for the perfect aspect.

Numbers

Krädti has a base-10 number system:





1 - schniek

2 - schmö

3 - tree

4 - fa

5 - zwa

6 - wack

7 - ma

8 - fle

9 - i

10 - glä

11 - schniek loü glä “one and ten”

100 - ädt “hundred”

101 - ädt loü schniek “hundred and one”

200 - schmö ädt

1000 - schwo “thousand”

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -aɪ

Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -aʊ

Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -t

Else: Suffix -aɪt

Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -çts

Else: Suffix -oçts

Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If starts with vowel: Prefix tʁ-

Else: Prefix tʁɐ-

Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -çt

Else: Suffix -oːçt

Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n

Else: Suffix -ən

Tending to = Prefix saɪ-

Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -əç

Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -aː

One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If starts with vowel: Prefix tʁ-

Else: Prefix tʁeː-

Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʁts

Else: Suffix -œʁts

Diminutive = Suffix -u

Augmentative = Suffix -a