Infernal

Natively known as: Bovzi /bovˈziː/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind... ri ha haqteg gaʾ ha ley ri kohr ha var xārbuzov šof zatr Pronunciation: /riː hæ hæqˈteɡ ɡæʔ hæ lej riː kohr hæ vær xɒːrˈbuːzov ʃof zætr/ Infernal word order: and he stood holding hat his and turned his face wet the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: /b d f h j k l m n p q r s t v x z ɡ ɣ ʃ ʒ ʔ ʤ ʧ/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	p b		t d			k ɡ	q	ʔ
Affricate				ʧ ʤ
Fricative		f v	s z	ʃ ʒ		x ɣ		h
Approximant					j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Vowel inventory: /e iː o uː æ ɒː/

	Front	Back
High	iː	uː
High-mid	e	o
Near-low	æ
Low		ɒː

Syllable structure: Custom defined Stress pattern: No fixed stress Word initial consonants: b, d, f, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, x, z, ɡ, ɡr, ɣ, ʃ, ʒ, ʒl, ʒm, ʔ, ʤ, ʧ Mid-word consonants: b, br, d, dm, dr, dx, dʤ, f, ff, fh, ft, fɣ, h, hd, hl, hm, hr, ht, j, jd, k, l, lb, lm, lʔ, m, mb, mh, mk, ml, mr, mt, mtʃ, n, nb, nd, nh, nj, ns, nt, nɡ, nɣ, nʔ, nʤ, p, q, qd, qt, r, rb, rd, rh, rk, rm, rn, rs, rt, rz, rɡ, rʃ, rʔ, rʤ, s, sj, sl, sm, sp, sr, st, stɡ, sv, sx, sʤ, t, tʃ, v, vz, x, xs, xt, xtʃ, z, zh, zɡ, ɡ, ɣ, ɣj, ʃ, ʃh, ʃk, ʃt, ʃv, ʃɣ, ʒ, ʒt, ʔ, ʔd, ʔm, ʔn, ʔr, ʔz, ʤ Word final consonants: b, bz, d, f, ft, h, hr, j, jr, k, l, m, mr, mʔ, n, nd, nɡ, p, q, qt, r, rb, rd, rk, rm, rn, rs, rɡ, s, sr, st, t, tr, tʃ, v, vr, vʔ, x, xt, z, zv, ɡ, ɣ, ʃ, ʃm, ʃq, ʃt, ʔ, ʔd, ʔr, ʤ
Phonological changes (in order of application):

• e → ɨ / _#
• r → h / C_
• n → Ø / _s
• k → ɡ / _{L,j}

How to read phonological rules
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ʔ	ʾ
ɡ	g
ʤ	j
ʧ	č
ʒ	ž
ʃ	š
ɣ	q
æ	a
ɒː	ā
uː	u
iː	i
j	y

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary opened the door with a key. Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun. Adposition: postpositions

Nouns

	Masculine	Feminine
Singular	No affix fe /fe/ man	No affix debz /debz/ woman
Plural	If starts with vowel: Prefix z- Else: Prefix zæ- zafe /zæˈfe/ men	Prefix ne- nedebz /neˈdebz/ women

Articles

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	že /ʒe/ the	xe /xe/ a
Plural	ga /ɡæ/ the	mā /mɒː/ some

Pronouns

1st singular	ri /riː/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	žmu /ʒmuː/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	ha /hæ/ he, him, his, it, its
3rd singular fem	gri /ɡriː/ she, her, hers, it, its
1st plural	rirg /riːrɡ/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	ga /ɡæ/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural masc	nā /nɒː/ they (masc), them (masc), theirs (masc)
3rd plural fem	yu /juː/ they (fem), them (fem), theirs (fem)

Possessive determiners

1st singular	ri /riː/ my
2nd singular	žmu /ʒmuː/ your
3rd singular masc	ha /hæ/ his
3rd singular fem	gri /ɡriː/ her
1st plural	rirg /riːrɡ/ our
2nd plural	ga /ɡæ/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	nā /nɒː/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	yu /juː/ their (fem)

Verbs

	Present	Past	Remote past
1st singular	If starts with vowel: Prefix v- Else: Prefix væ- vaboʾo /ˈvæboʔo/ (I) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix n- Else: Prefix ne- neboʾo /ˈneboʔo/ (I) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix p- Else: Prefix po- poboʾo /ˈpoboʔo/ (I) learned (lonɡ aɡo)
2nd singular	Prefix ɒː- āboʾo /ˈɒːboʔo/ (you) learn	Prefix hæ- haboʾo /ˈhæboʔo/ (you) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix j- Else: Prefix jo- yoboʾo /ˈjoboʔo/ (you) learned (lonɡ aɡo)
3rd singular masc	Prefix o- oboʾo /ˈoboʔo/ (he) learns	If starts with vowel: Prefix ɡ- Else: Prefix ɡæ- gaboʾo /ɡæˈboʔo/ (he) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix h- Else: Prefix hæ- haboʾo /ˈhæboʔo/ (he) learned (lonɡ aɡo)
3rd singular fem	Prefix ʒmuː- žmuboʾo /ˈʒmuːboʔo/ (she) learns	If starts with vowel: Prefix ʒm- Else: Prefix ʒmuː- žmuboʾo /ʒmuːˈboʔo/ (she) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix ʒl- Else: Prefix ʒlo- žloboʾo /ʒloˈboʔo/ (she) learned (lonɡ aɡo)
1st plural	Prefix diː- diboʾo /ˈdiːboʔo/ (we) learn	Prefix ɡre- greboʾo /ˈɡreboʔo/ (we) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix ʧ- Else: Prefix ʧɒː- čāboʾo /ˈʧɒːboʔo/ (we) learned (lonɡ aɡo)
2nd plural	Prefix æ- aboʾo /ˈæboʔo/ (you all) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix ʔ- Else: Prefix ʔæ- ʾaboʾo /ˈʔæboʔo/ (you all) learned	Prefix hɒː- hāboʾo /ˈhɒːboʔo/ (you all) learned (lonɡ aɡo)
3rd plural masc	If starts with vowel: Prefix n- Else: Prefix nɒː- nāboʾo /ˈnɒːboʔo/ (they) learn	Prefix e- eboʾo /ˈeboʔo/ (they) learned	Prefix zæ- zaboʾo /ˈzæboʔo/ (they) learned (lonɡ aɡo)
3rd plural fem	If starts with vowel: Prefix b- Else: Prefix bæ- baboʾo /ˈbæboʔo/ (they) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix ɡr- Else: Prefix ɡriː- griboʾo /ɡriːˈboʔo/ (they) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix le- leboʾo /leˈboʔo/ (they) learned (lonɡ aɡo)

Infernal uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: mæ - ma boʾo /mæ ˈboʔo/ will learn

Numbers

Infernal has a base-10 number system:
1 - puš 2 - ma 3 - va 4 - qi 5 - se 6 - ang 7 - di 8 - tāng 9 - tāš 10 - ga 11 - gapuš “ten-one” 100 - žluzv “hundred” 101 - žluzv ri puš “hundred and one” 200 - ma žluzv 1000 - kobest “thousand”

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Prefix e- Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix h- Else: Prefix hæ- Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix x- Else: Prefix xɒː- Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix væ- Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix æ- Noun to verb = Prefix ʒlo- Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix t- Else: Prefix tæ- Tending to = Prefix hæ- Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix tæ- Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix æ- One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix ɒː- Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix v- Else: Prefix væ- Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix v- Else: Prefix væ- Augmentative = Prefix hɒː-

Dictionary

4436 Words.

Successor Languages

• Undercommon