Vencumbiuian (/venˈkumbju/)

Vencumbiuian is one of the languages of the planet Cury.

Natively known as: vencumbiu /venˈkumbju/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
vi o scovo nia na scona vi essa na uca eli bo vompu
Pronunciation: /vi o ˈʃɔvɔ nja na ˈskona vi ˈɛssa na ˈuka ˈɛli bɔ ˈvɔmpu/
Vencumbiuian word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g j k l m n p r s t v w z ɲ ʃ ʎ ʣ ʤ ʦ ʧ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	m		n		ɲ
Stop	p b		t d			k g
Affricate			ʦ ʣ	ʧ ʤ
Fricative		f v	s z	ʃ
Approximant					j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l		ʎ

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a e i o u ɔ ɛ

	Front	Back
High	i	u
High-mid	e	o
Low-mid	ɛ	ɔ
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
kw	qu
w	u
z	s
ʃ	sc
tʦ	zz
ʦ	z
k	c / !_{i,e,ɛ}
ʧ	ci / !_{i,e,ɛ}
ʧ	c
ʤ	gi / !_{i,e,ɛ}
ʤ	g
k	ch
ʎʎ	gli
ɲ	gn
ɛ	e
ɔ	o
j	i

---

Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?

Nouns

	Singular	Plural
Masculine	No affix ta /ta/ man	Prefix nwa- nuata /ˈnwata/ men
Feminine	No affix fre /fre/ woman	Prefix ʃɔ- scofre /ˈʃɔfre/ women
Neuter	No affix saspe /ˈsaspe/ dog	Prefix ga- gasaspe /gaˈsaspe/ dogs

Articles

Vencumbiuian has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.

Pronouns

1st singular	po /po/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	pru /pru/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	o /o/ he, him, his
3rd singular fem	vo /vo/ she, her, hers
3rd singular neuter	pi /pi/ it, its
1st plural	bi /bi/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	ce /ʧe/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural masc	o /ɔ/ they (masc), them (masc), theirs (masc)
3rd plural fem	gro /grɔ/ they (fem), them (fem), theirs (fem)
3rd plural neuter	io /jɔ/ they (neut), them (neut), theirs (neut)

Possessive determiners

1st singular	u /u/ my
2nd singular	no /nɔ/ your
3rd singular masc	na /na/ his
3rd singular fem	gri /gri/ her
3rd singular neuter	sco /ʃɔ/ its
1st plural	nue /nwe/ our
2nd plural	nuo /nwo/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	ge /ʤe/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	gre /gre/ their (fem)
3rd plural neuter	ti /ti/ their (neut)

Verbs

	Present	Past	Remote past	Future
1st singular	Prefix bwɛ- buefro /ˈbwɛfrɔ/ (I) learn	Prefix kwe- quefro /ˈkwefrɔ/ (I) learned	Prefix fe- fefro /ˈfefrɔ/ (I) learned (long ago)	Prefix ru- rufro /ˈrufrɔ/ (I) will learn
2nd singular	Prefix spu- spufro /ˈspufrɔ/ (you) learn	Prefix nɛ- nefro /ˈnɛfrɔ/ (you) learned	Prefix sa- safro /ˈsafrɔ/ (you) learned (long ago)	Prefix fɛ- fefro /ˈfɛfrɔ/ (you) will learn
3rd singular masc	Prefix pju- piufro /ˈpjufrɔ/ (he) learns	Prefix ni- nifro /ˈnifrɔ/ (he) learned	Prefix fwo- fuofro /ˈfwofrɔ/ (he) learned (long ago)	Prefix le- lefro /ˈlefrɔ/ (he) will learn
3rd singular fem	Prefix gwɔ- guofro /ˈgwɔfrɔ/ (she) learns	Prefix ku- cufro /ˈkufrɔ/ (she) learned	Prefix po- pofro /ˈpofrɔ/ (she) learned (long ago)	Prefix pu- pufro /ˈpufrɔ/ (she) will learn
3rd singular neuter	Prefix ʤɛ- gefro /ˈʤɛfrɔ/ (it) learns	Prefix skwi- squifro /ˈskwifrɔ/ (it) learned	Prefix ve- vefro /ˈvefrɔ/ (it) learned (long ago)	Prefix krɛ- crefro /ˈkrɛfrɔ/ (it) will learn
1st plural	Prefix pjɔ- piofro /ˈpjɔfrɔ/ (we) learn	Prefix ke- chefro /ˈkefrɔ/ (we) learned	Prefix me- mefro /ˈmefrɔ/ (we) learned (long ago)	Prefix ʃo- scofro /ˈʃofrɔ/ (we) will learn
2nd plural	Prefix ʤi- gifro /ˈʤifrɔ/ (you all) learn	Prefix tre- trefro /ˈtrefrɔ/ (you all) learned	Prefix de- defro /ˈdefrɔ/ (you all) learned (long ago)	Prefix nwɔ- nuofro /ˈnwɔfrɔ/ (you all) will learn
3rd plural masc	Prefix mɛ- mefro /ˈmɛfrɔ/ (they) learn	Prefix fa- fafro /ˈfafrɔ/ (they) learned	Prefix gwɛ- guefro /ˈgwɛfrɔ/ (they) learned (long ago)	Prefix jo- iofro /ˈjofrɔ/ (they) will learn
3rd plural fem	Prefix skwɛ- squefro /ˈskwɛfrɔ/ (they) learn	Prefix skwɔ- squofro /ˈskwɔfrɔ/ (they) learned	Prefix ʧa- ciafro /ˈʧafrɔ/ (they) learned (long ago)	Prefix pe- pefro /ˈpefrɔ/ (they) will learn
3rd plural neuter	Prefix vu- vufro /ˈvufrɔ/ (they) learn	Prefix vi- vifro /ˈvifrɔ/ (they) learned	Prefix trɔ- trofro /ˈtrɔfrɔ/ (they) learned (long ago)	Prefix ʤe- gefro /ˈʤefrɔ/ (they) will learn

Progressive aspect

The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.
Vencumbiuian uses an affix for progressive:

Progressive

Prefix njɔ- niofro /ˈnjɔfrɔ/ is learning

Habitual aspect

The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).
Vencumbiuian uses a standalone particle word for habitual:

Habitual

Particle before the verb: kju - ciu fro /kju frɔ/ learns

Numbers

Vencumbiuian has a base-10 number system:
1 - co
2 - ca
3 - aprio
4 - be
5 - monglei
6 - stu
7 - porso
8 - fi
9 - vo
10 - grada
Hundred - cio
Thousand - ciu

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Prefix vo-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix njɔ-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix ve-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix ʧo-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix prɛ-
Noun to verb = Prefix mi-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix fwe-
Tending to = Prefix tra-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix me-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix vɔ-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix da-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix ʧe-
Diminutive = Prefix pjo-
Augmentative = Prefix ʤɔ-
Maker = Prefix nwɔ-

Vencumbiuian text

An example of a Vencumbiuian text.

Dictionary

3180 Words.

Vencumbiuian scholar

A Vencumbian scholar creating a manuscript.