Greek (greek)

Classical, Mycenaean, and pre-Hellenic Greek civilization

The Ancient Greeks, thriving from around the 8th century BCE, laid the foundation for Western civilization. They established city-states like Athens and Sparta and excelled in various fields, including philosophy, art, architecture, drama, and politics. Their cultural impact is seen through the works of philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, the Olympic Games, the concept of democracy, and enduring mythological tales.

Culture

Major language groups and dialects

Ancient Greek was the predominant language, with various dialects spoken across different city-states.

Culture and cultural heritage

Contributions to philosophy (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle), drama (Sophocles, Euripides), and the Olympic Games, among other enduring legacies.

Shared customary codes and values

Honor, courage, intellect, and pursuit of excellence in various fields like art, philosophy, and athletics were highly regarded.

Common Etiquette rules

Hospitality was a sacred duty, and hosts were expected to treat guests generously. Respect for elders and proper behavior in public spaces were essential.

Common Dress code

Attire varied but generally included draped garments like the chiton and himation for men and women, with differences in styles denoting social status.

Art & Architecture

Renowned for architecture like the Parthenon, sculptures like the Venus de Milo, and contributions to various art forms, including pottery and theater.

Foods & Cuisine

Mediterranean diet consisting of grains, vegetables, fruits, olive oil, wine, and occasional meat. Dining was a social affair, often involving discussions and entertainment.

Common Customs, traditions and rituals

Celebrated festivals honoring gods like Dionysus and Athena with religious rites, processions, and competitions.

Coming of Age Rites

Boys underwent rituals like military training and education. Girls prepared for marriage and adulthood within the household.

Funerary and Memorial customs

Varied across regions, involving burial or cremation, funeral processions, and honoring the deceased with offerings.

Common Taboos

Disrespecting the gods, violating hospitality norms, and impiety were considered taboo.

Common Myths and Legends

A rich tapestry of mythology featuring gods like Zeus, Athena, and Apollo, alongside epic tales like the Iliad and the Odyssey.

Historical figures

Philosophers like Socrates, statesmen like Pericles, and military leaders like Alexander the Great are notable figures from Ancient Greece.

Ideals

Beauty Ideals

Greeks valued physical fitness, admired the human body, and emphasized ideals of proportion and balance in art and beauty. Both men and women appreciated a youthful appearance and used cosmetics and grooming techniques.

Gender Ideals

Men held dominant roles in public life, while women were primarily confined to domestic duties. However, women in Sparta had more freedoms and played significant roles in society.

Courtship Ideals

Courtship involved formal rituals and negotiations, and marriages were often arranged. Love and affection were secondary to the practical considerations of family alliances and social status.

Relationship Ideals

Family and community were central. Marriages were important for procreation and social stability. Friendships and alliances were crucial in politics and daily life.