Pyrlish (pyːrlɪʃ)

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
iv vols kram färi ma bås iv kvukt gri kram fjä burg e
Pronunciation: /ɪv vuːls kram ˈfɛrɪ ma boːs ɪv kvʉːkt grɪ kram fjɛː bʉːrj eː/
Pyrlish word order: and he his hat holding stood and the wind to his wet face turned

Spelling & Phonology

Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Sj-sound
Fricative	ɧ

Vowel inventory: a eː iː oː uː yː øː œ ɑː ɔ ɛ ɛː ɪ ɵ ʉː ʊ ʏ

	Front	Central	Back
High	iː yː	ʉː	uː
Near-high	ɪ ʏ		ʊ
High-mid	eː øː	ɵ	oː
Low-mid	ɛ ɛː œ		ɔ
Low	a		ɑː

Consonant inventory: b d f g h j k l m n p r s t v ŋ ɕ ɖ ɧ ʂ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Retroflex	Alveolo-palatal	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n				ŋ
Stop	p b		t d	ɖ			k g
Fricative		f v	s	ʂ	ɕ			h
Approximant						j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Spelling rules

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɛː	ä
ɛ	ä
øː	ö
œ	ö
oː	å
ɔ	o
yː	y
ʏ	y
ʉː	u
ɵ	u
ʊ	o
uː	o
iː	i
ɪ	i
eː	e
ɑː	a
ŋn	gn
ŋ	ng
j	g / _#
ɧ	sj
kk	ck
ɕ	k
C₁C₁	C₁ / _j

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject (Prepositional phrase) Object Verb. “Alrik opened the door with a key” turns into Alrik with a key the door opened.

Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.

Adposition: postpositions

Nouns

Nouns have two cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.

Nouns form plural with separate plural word:

Plural

Particle before the noun: dyːm - dym öm /dyːm øːm/ dogs

Nominative	No affix öm /øːm/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	Suffix -ʉː ömu /ˈøːmʉː/ (verb done to) dog

Articles

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Definite article can be omitted: ‘I am going to supermarket’
• Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific means ‘Would you like some (any) tea?’ whereas specific means ‘Some tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck’

Definite	bre /breː/ the
Indefinite	o /uː/ a, some

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative
1st singular	tangs /taŋs/ I	mä /mɛ/ me
2nd singular	kong /kuːŋ/ you	kva /kvɑː/ you
3rd singular masc	vols /vuːls/ he, it	jyd /jyːd/ him, it
3rd singular fem	dåg /doːg/ she, it	vo /vɔ/ her, it
1st plural	so /suː/ we	mi /mɪ/ us
2nd plural	fu /fɵ/ you all	drä /drɛ/ you all
3rd plural	fjår /fjoːr/ they	tri /triː/ them

Possessive determiners

1st singular	se /seː/ my
2nd singular	mack /makk/ your
3rd singular masc	kram /kram/ his
3rd singular fem	a /a/ her
1st plural	o /uː/ our
2nd plural	våt /voːt/ your (pl)
3rd plural	bjo /bjɔ/ their

Verbs

	Present	Past	Remote past
1st singular	If ends with vowel: Suffix -tt Else: Suffix -att darnatt /ˈdarnatt/ (I) learn	Suffix -ʏŋkt darnyngkt /ˈdarnʏŋkt/ (I) learned	If ends with vowel: Suffix -rmt Else: Suffix -ʊrmt darnormt /ˈdarnʊrmt/ (I) learned (long ago)
2nd singular	Suffix -ad darnad /ˈdarnad/ (you) learn	If ends with vowel: Suffix -tt Else: Suffix -uːtt darnott /ˈdarnuːtt/ (you) learned	If ends with vowel: Suffix -lljoː Else: Suffix -uːlljoː darnoljå /darˈnuːlljoː/ (you) learned (long ago)
3rd singular	If ends with vowel: Suffix -kk Else: Suffix -ʊkk darnock /ˈdarnʊkk/ (he/she/it) learns	Suffix -ɔ darno /ˈdarnɔ/ (he/she/it) learned	If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -an darnan /ˈdarnan/ (he/she/it) learned (long ago)
1st plural	Suffix -aŋn darnagn /ˈdarnaŋn/ (we) learn	Suffix -iːnd darnind /ˈdarniːnd/ (we) learned	If ends with vowel: Suffix -mtɑː Else: Suffix -yːmtɑː darnymta /darˈnyːmtɑː/ (we) learned (long ago)
2nd plural	If ends with vowel: Suffix -l Else: Suffix -ɪl darnil /ˈdarnɪl/ (you all) learn	Suffix -a darna /ˈdarna/ (you all) learned	If ends with vowel: Suffix -lp Else: Suffix -ɪlp darnilp /ˈdarnɪlp/ (you all) learned (long ago)
3rd plural	If ends with vowel: Suffix -nsk Else: Suffix -ɑːnsk darnansk /ˈdarnɑːnsk/ (they) learn	Suffix -eːn darnen /ˈdarneːn/ (they) learned	If ends with vowel: Suffix -st Else: Suffix -ʊst darnost /ˈdarnʊst/ (they) learned (long ago)

Pyrlish uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: spɪmn - spimn darn /spɪmn darn/ will learn

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Pyrlish uses the word for ‘finish’ skuangs for the perfect aspect.

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ŋs Else: Suffix -ʉːŋs

Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -yːn

Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -t Else: Suffix -ɔt

Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -m Else: Suffix -ɛm

Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -œsst

Noun to verb = Suffix -ʊ

Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -g Else: Suffix -ɔg

Tending to = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ŋ Else: Suffix -ɛːŋ

Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -ɑː

Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -ɑːgs

One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -uː

Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -r Else: Suffix -ar

Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -d Else: Suffix -ʉːd

Augmentative = Suffix -ɪrs

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Numbers

1	så
2	frä
3	a
4	gåjkä
5	hi
6	lidi
7	såv
8	mösdy
9	ju
10	ko
Hundred	de
Thousand	gräl

Dictionary

3125 Words.

Spoken by

• Puski

Common Phrases

Kong vökt t so o holt.

You can't stop a clock.

Ojäm dym köngkto gåks dym bjirku kinsk.

Hungry mouths have sharp teeth.

Tåd o fjällå gri ko sjöddo sap.

Shed a tear to see more clear.