Roul-Khan

Legend

Natively known as: Roul-Khan /ˈoulhan/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind... mɜɜt plǎs ɔɔs gɔidfoornǎng zhao mbapsɔɔng mɜɜt ish zhao fliiy yɜɜch wǎn graǎ Pronunciation: /mɜːt plɑs ɔːs gɔɪdˈfoʊɹnɑŋ ˈʒaʊ ˈmbæpsɔːŋ mɜːt ɪʃ ˈʒaʊ fliːj jɜːʧ wɑn ˈgɹæɑ/ The Forgotten word order: and stood he holding hat his and turned his face wet to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: /b d f g h j k l m n p s t v w z ð ŋ ɹ ʃ ʒ ʤ ʧ θ/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m			n			ŋ
Stop	p b			t d			k g
Affricate					ʧ ʤ
Fricative		f v	θ ð	s z	ʃ ʒ			h
Approximant				ɹ		j
Lateral approximant				l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: /aɪ̯ aʊ̯ eɪ̯ iː oʊ̯ uː æ ɑ ɔɪ̯ ɔː ɛ ɜː ɪ ʊ ʌ/ Diphthongs: aɪ̯, aʊ̯, eɪ̯, oʊ̯, ɔɪ̯

	Front	Central	Back
High	iː		uː
Near-high	ɪ		ʊ
Low-mid	ɛ	ɜː	ʌ ɔː
Near-low	æ
Low			ɑ

Syllable structure: Custom defined Stress pattern: advanced Word initial consonants: b, bj, bl, bw, dj, dw, fj, fl, fp, ft, fɹ, g, gj, gw, gɹ, h, j, k, l, m, mb, mj, mp, mw, n, nw, p, pl, s, sl, sm, sn, sp, st, sw, t, tj, tɹ, v, vd, vj, vl, vn, w, z, zb, zl, zm, zn, ð, ŋ, ŋk, ɹ, ʃ, ʃl, ʃm, ʃw, ʒ, ʤ, ʤd, ʤj, ʧ, ʧh, ʧt, θ, θɹ Mid-word consonants: b, bb, bl, bm, bn, bv, bɹ, d, dd, df, dg, dl, dm, dw, dʒ, f, ff, fj, fk, fl, fn, ft, fw, g, gb, gd, gf, gj, gl, gm, gn, gt, gv, gw, gʧ, h, hb, hd, hl, hm, ht, hv, j, jd, jf, jg, jj, jl, jm, js, jv, jz, jʃ, jʒ, k, kf, kj, kk, kl, km, kn, ks, kɹ, l, lb, lg, lh, lw, lz, lʤ, lʧ, m, md, mj, mm, mn, ms, mw, mɹ, mʒ, mʧ, n, nd, nl, ns, nw, nð, nʒ, nʤ, nʧ, p, pj, pk, pp, ps, pv, pɹ, pʃ, pʧ, s, sg, sj, sl, sm, sn, sp, sv, sw, sʧ, sθ, t, tf, tg, tk, tl, tp, ts, tv, tz, tʃ, tʤ, v, vj, vl, vm, vn, vv, vɹ, w, wm, wp, ww, wʤ, z, zb, zh, zj, zk, zl, zm, zv, zz, ð, ðɹ, ŋ, ŋb, ŋf, ŋg, ŋj, ŋl, ŋm, ŋn, ŋs, ŋt, ŋz, ɹ, ɹd, ɹg, ɹl, ɹn, ɹt, ɹv, ɹw, ɹʃ, ɹʒ, ɹʤ, ʃ, ʃb, ʃj, ʃk, ʃl, ʃp, ʃs, ʃʧ, ʒ, ʒb, ʒd, ʒl, ʒm, ʒn, ʤ, ʤm, ʤt, ʧ, ʧl, ʧm, ʧn, θ, θd, θm, θw, θɹ Word final consonants: b, f, g, j, l, m, n, p, s, t, v, w, z, ð, ŋ, ɹ, ʃ, ʒ, ʤ, ʧ, θ Phonological changes (in order of application):

p → b / m_
j → ʤ / V_V
j → ∅ / #_
n → ∅ / _s
s → h / V_V
k → c / V_V

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling

æ	a
ʊ	o
ɛ	e
ɪ	i
aɪ	ie
aʊ	ou
eɪ	ay
ɔɪ	oi
ɑ	ǎ
ʌ	ǔ
j	y
ŋ	ng
ɹ	r
ʃ	sh
ʒ	zh
ʤ	j
ʧ	ch
θ	th
ð	dh
V₁ː	V₁V₁

Grammar

Main word order: Verb Subject Object (Prepositional phrase). "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Opened Mary the door with a key. Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun. Adposition: prepositions

Nouns

Nouns have three cases:

Ergative is the doer of a verb, when the verb is done to something: dog bites man.
Absolutive is used in two scenarios: the doer of a verb when not done to something (dog bites), and the done-to of a verb (man bites dog).
Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.

	Singular	Plural
Ergative	Prefix ɹʌ- rǔkɔɔch /ˈɹʌkɔːʧ/ dog (doing the verb to something)	Prefix æ- akɔɔch /ˈækɔːʧ/ dogs (doing the verb to something)
Absolutive	Prefix ɑ- ǎkɔɔch /ˈɑkɔːʧ/ dog (doing the verb, but not to something)	If starts with vowel: Prefix nw- Else: Prefix nwɪ- nwikɔɔch /ˈnwɪkɔːʧ/ dogs (doing the verb, but not to something)
Genitive	If starts with vowel: Prefix zm- Else: Prefix zmeɪ̯- zmei̯kɔɔch /ˈzmeɪ̯kɔːʧ/ dogʼs	If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix lɔɪ̯- lɔi̯kɔɔch /ˈlɔɪ̯kɔːʧ/ dogsʼ

Articles

The Forgotten has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.

Pronouns

	Ergative	Absolutive	Genitive
1st singular	pǔm /pʌm/ I	jdoo̯j /ʤdoʊ̯ʤ/ me, I	pǔf /pʌf/ mine
2nd singular	shef /ʃɛf/ you	tei̯b /teɪ̯b/ you	shmo /ʃmʊ/ yours
3rd singular masc	ɔɔs /ɔːs/ he, it	hǎ /hɑ/ him, it	zhao̯ /ʒaʊ̯/ his, its
3rd singular fem	yɜɜg /jɜːg/ she, it	lei̯ /leɪ̯/ her, it	bli /blɪ/ hers, its
1st plural	spǎ /spɑ/ we	zmao̯ /zmaʊ̯/ us, we	bwɜɜp /bwɜːp/ ours
2nd plural	ab /æb/ you all	tyai̯n /tjaɪ̯n/ you all	dhai̯ /ðaɪ̯/ yours (pl)
3rd plural	ngǎw /ŋɑw/ they	zij /zɪʤ/ them, they	znǎ /znɑ/ theirs

Possessive determiners

1st singular	pǔf /pʌf/ my
2nd singular	shmo /ʃmʊ/ your
3rd singular masc	zhao /ˈʒaʊ/ his
3rd singular fem	bli /blɪ/ her
1st plural	bwɜɜp /bwɜːp/ our
2nd plural	dhai /ˈðaɪ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	znǎ /znɑ/ their

Verbs

Present	If starts with vowel: Prefix z- Else: Prefix zɪ- zilaob /ˈzɪlaʊb/ learn
Past	No affix laob /ˈlaʊb/ learned

The Forgotten uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future	Particle before the verb: flɪ - fli laob /flɪ ˈlaʊb/ will learn

Perfect aspect The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present. The Forgotten uses the word for ‘finish’ tyǔzh for the perfect aspect.

Numbers

The Forgotten has a base-10 number system: 1 - ftao 2 - lɔiy 3 - fpaij 4 - ǎm 5 - sla 6 - ɜɜng 7 - spɔingmǔ 8 - e 9 - paiwmuus 10 - ngkesh 11 - ftao mɜɜt ngkesh “one and ten” 100 - zhein “hundred” 101 - zhein mɜɜt ftao “hundred and one” 200 - lɔiy zhein 1000 - stɔɔnsab “thousand”

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix loʊ̯- Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix sm- Else: Prefix smɜː- Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix laʊ̯- Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix hɑ- Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix hɑ- Noun to verb = If starts with vowel: Prefix gw- Else: Prefix gwaʊ̯- Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix sw- Else: Prefix swɜː- Tending to = If starts with vowel: Prefix sp- Else: Prefix spɔɪ̯- Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix nw- Else: Prefix nwiː- Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix bʊ- One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix hɑ- Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix teɪ̯- Diminutive = Prefix æ- Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix zm- Else: Prefix zmeɪ̯-

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Dictionary

4449 Words.