Miorangian
Miorangianlisten is the primary language spoken in the Tanzit Suzerainty. It is a goblin language.
poxin tuocang nün genr you shai poxin lüan you ne xioubo qiangr enhulisten
Pronunciation: /ˈpʰoɕin ˈtʰwoʦʰɑŋ nyn ˈkənə˞ jou̯ ʂai̯ ˈpʰoɕin lɥɛn jou̯ nɤ ˈɕjou̯po ˈʨʰjɑŋə˞ ˈənxu/
Miorangian word order: and stood he holding hat his and turned his face wet to the wind
Co-articulated phonemes
Vowel inventory: a ai̯ e ei̯ i o ou̯ u y ɑ ɑu̯ ə ə˞ ɛ ɤ ɨ ʊ
Diphthongs: ai̯ ei̯ ou̯ ɑu̯
Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable Spelling rules:
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: prepositions
Uses of definite article that differ from English:
Miorangian uses a standalone particle word for future tense:
2 - xüanpie
3 - lubin
4 - shunie
5 - zuoxü
6 - pienüe
7 - kunzhuo
8 - xinü
9 - xiejüan
10 - tai
11 - daimiao
12 - seizhou
13 - gaihui
14 - zhaotong
15 - pocao
16 - lanpa
17 - nepeng
18 - yunchaor
19 - diouku
20 - xünnuo
21 - xünnuo poxin cenli “twenty and one”
400 - ca “fourhundred”
401 - ca cenli “fourhundred one”
800 - xüanpie ca “two fourhundred”
8000 - xiong “eightthousand”
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix jʊŋ-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix ɑu̯-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix ən-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix a-
Noun to verb = Prefix in-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -ən
Tending to = Suffix -a
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -ɨ
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -ja
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -wo
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix ɨ-
Diminutive = Prefix jɑŋ-
Augmentative = Prefix an-
Natively known as: Mioraong /mjoə˞aʊ̯ŋ/listen
...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...poxin tuocang nün genr you shai poxin lüan you ne xioubo qiangr enhulisten
Pronunciation: /ˈpʰoɕin ˈtʰwoʦʰɑŋ nyn ˈkənə˞ jou̯ ʂai̯ ˈpʰoɕin lɥɛn jou̯ nɤ ˈɕjou̯po ˈʨʰjɑŋə˞ ˈənxu/
Miorangian word order: and stood he holding hat his and turned his face wet to the wind
Spelling & Phonology
Consonant inventory: f j k kʰ l m n p pʰ s t tʰ w x ŋ ɕ ɥ ɻ ʈʂ ʈʂʰ ʦ ʦʰ ʨ ʨʰ↓Manner/ Place→ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Retroflex |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ||
Stop | p pʰ | t tʰ | ʈ | |
Affricate | ʦ ʦʰ | ʈʂ ʈʂʰ | ||
Fricative | f | s | ||
Approximant | ɻ | |||
Lateral approximant | l | |||
↓Manner/ Place→ | Alveolo-palatal | Palatal | Velar | |
Nasal | ŋ | |||
Stop | k kʰ | |||
Affricative | ʨ ʨʰ | |||
Fricative | ɕ | x | ||
Approximate | j |
↓Manner/Place→ | Labial-palatal | Labial-velar |
---|---|---|
Approximant | ɥ | w |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | i y | ɨ | u |
Near-high | ʊ | ||
High-mid | e | ɤ o | |
Mid | ə ə˞ | ||
Low-mid | ɛ | ||
Low | a | ɑ |
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable Spelling rules:
Pronunciation | Spelling |
---|---|
yn | yun / #_ |
y | yu / #_ |
y | ü / !#_ |
i | yi / #_ |
ɨ | i |
ɑu̯ | ao |
j | y / #_ |
j | y / V_ |
j | i |
we | u / !#_ |
wə | u / !#_ |
ɥ | yu / #_ |
ɥ | ü |
w | u / !#_ |
uu | u |
e | ê / #_ |
ɤ | e |
ə˞ | er / #_ |
ə˞ | r |
ə | e |
ɛ | a |
ɑ | a |
ʊ | o |
j | y / #_ |
ɻ | r |
ʦʰ | c |
ʦ | z |
p | b / !_ʰ |
pʰ | p |
ʈʂʰ | ch |
ʈʂ | zh |
tʂʰ | ch |
tʂ | zh |
t | d / !_ʰ |
tʰ | t |
ʂ | sh |
x | h |
k | g / !_ʰ |
kʰ | k |
ʨʰ | q |
ʨ | j |
ɕ | x |
ŋ | ng |
V | '@ / %_ |
̯ |
Grammar
Main word order: Verb Subject Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Opened Mary the door with a key.Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: prepositions
Nouns
Nouns have seven cases:- Ergative is the doer of a verb, when the verb is done to something: dog bites man.
- Absolutive is used in two scenarios: the doer of a verb when not done to something (dog bites), and the done-to of a verb (man bites dog).
- Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
- Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.
- Locative is the location of something: man goes to town.
- Ablative is movement away from something: man walks from town.
- Instrumental is the use of something: man writes with (using) pen.
Masculine
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Ergative | Suffix -ɨ
shouyi /ˈʂou̯ɨ/ man (doing the verb to something) | Suffix -wo
shouwo /ˈʂou̯wo/ men (doing the verb to something) |
Absolutive | Suffix -əŋ
shoueng /ˈʂou̯əŋ/ man (doing the verb, but not to something) | Suffix -wei̯
shouwei /ˈʂou̯wei̯/ men (doing the verb, but not to something) |
Genitive | Suffix -jou̯
shouyou /ˈʂou̯jou̯/ manʼs | Suffix -wai̯
shouwai /ˈʂou̯wai̯/ menʼs |
Dative | Suffix -i
shouyi /ˈʂou̯i/ to (the/a) man | Suffix -in
shouyin /ˈʂou̯in/ to (the/some) men |
Locative | Suffix -ja
shouya /ˈʂou̯ja/ near/at/by (the/a) man | Suffix -ou̯
shouou /ˈʂou̯ou̯/ near/at/by (the/some) men |
Ablative | Suffix -jɑŋ
shouyang /ˈʂou̯jɑŋ/ from (the/a) man | Suffix -a
shoua /ˈʂou̯a/ from (the/some) men |
Instrumental | Suffix -y
shouyu /ˈʂou̯y/ with/using (the/a) man | Suffix -an
shouan /ˈʂou̯an/ with/using (the/some) men |
Feminine
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Ergative | Suffix -je
jüanchaye /ˈʨɥɛnʈʂʰaje/ woman (doing the verb to something) | Suffix -u
jüanchawu /ˈʨɥɛnʈʂʰau/ women (doing the verb to something) |
Absolutive | Suffix -jɛn
jüanchayan /ˈʨɥɛnʈʂʰajɛn/ woman (doing the verb, but not to something) | Suffix -ɥɛn
jüanchayuan /ˈʨɥɛnʈʂʰaɥɛn/ women (doing the verb, but not to something) |
Genitive | Suffix -wəŋ
jüanchaweng /ˈʨɥɛnʈʂʰawəŋ/ womanʼs | Suffix -a
jüanchaa /ˈʨɥɛnʈʂʰaa/ womenʼs |
Dative | Suffix -ən
jüanchayen /ˈʨɥɛnʈʂʰaən/ to (the/a) woman | Suffix -iŋ
jüanchaying /ˈʨɥɛnʈʂʰaiŋ/ to (the/some) women |
Locative | Suffix -wɑŋ
jüanchawang /ˈʨɥɛnʈʂʰawɑŋ/ near/at/by (the/a) woman | Suffix -wa
jüanchawa /ˈʨɥɛnʈʂʰawa/ near/at/by (the/some) women |
Ablative | Suffix -ʊŋ
jüanchaong /ˈʨɥɛnʈʂʰaʊŋ/ from (the/a) woman | Suffix -jɑŋ
jüanchayang /ˈʨɥɛnʈʂʰajɑŋ/ from (the/some) women |
Instrumental | Suffix -jʊŋ
jüanchayong /ˈʨɥɛnʈʂʰajʊŋ/ with/using (the/a) woman | Suffix -ei̯
jüanchaei /ˈʨɥɛnʈʂʰaei̯/ with/using (the/some) women |
Neuter
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Ergative | Suffix -ɤ
tukue /ˈtʰukʰuɤ/ dog (doing the verb to something) | Suffix -an
tukuyan /ˈtʰukʰuan/ dogs (doing the verb to something) |
Absolutive | Suffix -ɑu̯
tukuao /ˈtʰukʰuɑu̯/ dog (doing the verb, but not to something) | Suffix -wən
tukwen /ˈtʰukʰuwən/ dogs (doing the verb, but not to something) |
Genitive | Suffix -yn
tukuyun /ˈtʰukʰuyn/ dogʼs | Suffix -ɥe
tukuyue /ˈtʰukʰuɥe/ dogsʼ |
Dative | Suffix -jɑu̯
tukuyao /ˈtʰukʰujɑu̯/ to (the/a) dog | Suffix -wan
tukuwan /ˈtʰukʰuwan/ to (the/some) dogs |
Locative | Suffix -ai̯
tukuai /ˈtʰukʰuai̯/ near/at/by (the/a) dog | Suffix -jɛn
tukuyan /ˈtʰukʰujɛn/ near/at/by (the/some) dogs |
Ablative | Suffix -ei̯
tukuei /ˈtʰukʰuei̯/ from (the/a) dog | Suffix -ai̯
tukuai /ˈtʰukʰuai̯/ from (the/some) dogs |
Instrumental | Suffix -ɑŋ
tukuang /ˈtʰukʰuɑŋ/ with/using (the/a) dog | Suffix -y
tukuyu /ˈtʰukʰuy/ with/using (the/some) dogs |
Articles
Definite | jai /ʨai̯/
the |
Indefinite | a /a/
a, some |
- Used for personal names in third person: ‘The Maria has left for school’
- Not used for non-specific countable nouns: non-specific means ‘I am looking for a (any) girl in a red dress’, whereas specific means ‘I am looking for a (particular) girl in a red dress’
- Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific means ‘Would you like some (any) tea?’ whereas specific means ‘Some tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck’
Pronouns
Erg | Abs | Gen | Dat | Loc | Abl | Inst | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st sing | ya /ja/
I | cuang /ʦʰwɑŋ/
me, I | chun /tʂʰwən/
mine | ao /ɑu̯/
to me | ai /ai̯/
at me | mou /mou̯/
from me | zei /ʦei̯/
with/using me |
2nd sing | ku /kʰu/
you | xuo /ɕwo/
you | suai /swai̯/
yours | gian /kjɛn/
to you | jua /ʨwa/
at you | zia /ʦja/
from you | diang /tjɑŋ/
with/using you |
3rd sing masc | nün /nyn/
he | a /a/
him, he | sao /sɑu̯/
his | lan /lan/
to him | fang /fɑŋ/
at him | ciang /ʦʰjɑŋ/
from him | fu /fu/
with/using him |
3rd sing fem | yun /yn/
she | jeng /ʨəŋ/
her, she | yuan /ɥɛn/
hers | i /ɨ/
to her | gü /ky/
at her | zi /zɨ/
from her | nuai /nwai̯/
with/using her |
3rd sing neut | êi /ei̯/
it | wen /wən/
it | zhen /tʂən/
its | chi /tʂʰɨ/
to it | qui /ʨʰwei̯/
at it | gen /kən/
from it | chüe /tʂʰɥe/
with/using it |
1st plural | yue /ɥe/
we | wo /wo/
us, we | yong /jʊŋ/
ours | dan /tan/
to us | dai /tai̯/
at us | mung /mwəŋ/
from us | xa /ɕa/
with/using us |
2nd plural | wang /wɑŋ/
you all | e /ɤ/
you all | xuang /ɕwɑŋ/
yours (pl) | guan /kwan/
to you all | kuo /kʰwo/
at you all | pung /pʰwəŋ/
from you all | mi /mɨ/
with/using you all |
3rd plural masc | zhua /tʂwa/
they (masc) | yu /y/
them (masc), they (masc) | yao /jɑu̯/
theirs (masc) | eng /əŋ/
to them (masc) | wan /wan/
at them (masc) | yuo /jwo/
from them (masc) | an /an/
with/using them (masc) |
3rd plural fem | duang /twɑŋ/
they (fem) | ong /ʊŋ/
them (fem), they (fem) | you /jou̯/
theirs (fem) | wa /wa/
to them (fem) | ang /ɑŋ/
at them (fem) | zao /ʦɑu̯/
from them (fem) | piao /pʰjɑu̯/
with/using them (fem) |
3rd plural neut | zheng /tʂəŋ/
they (neut) | yan /jɛn/
them (neut), they (neut) | yi /i/
theirs (neut) | hao /xɑu̯/
to them (neut) | jao /ʨɑu̯/
at them (neut) | gi /kɨ/
from them (neut) | muan /mwan/
with/using them (neut) |
Possessive determiners
1st singular | run /ɻwən/
my |
2nd singular | yong /jʊŋ/
your |
3rd singular masc | you /jou̯/
his |
3rd singular fem | yyong /jjʊŋ/
her |
3rd singular neut | ni /nɨ/
its |
1st plural | sia /sja/
our |
2nd plural | en /ən/
your (pl) |
3rd plural masc | ou /ou̯/
their (masc) |
3rd plural fem | êi /ei̯/
their (fem) |
3rd plural neut | ong /ʊŋ/
their (neut) |
Verbs
Miorangian uses an affix for past tense:Past | Prefix wən-
wenrujiou /ˈwənɻuʨjou̯/ learned |
Future | Particle before the verb: jwanwɑŋ -
yuanwang rujiou /ˈjwanwɑŋ ˈɻuʨjou̯/ will learn |
Imperfective aspect
The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day). Miorangian uses an affix for imperfective:Imperfective | Prefix y-
yurujiou /ˈyɻuʨjou̯/ learns/is learning |
Perfect aspect
The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present. Miorangian uses the word for ‘already’ sher for the perfect aspect.Numbers
Miorangian has a base-20 number system: 1 - cenli2 - xüanpie
3 - lubin
4 - shunie
5 - zuoxü
6 - pienüe
7 - kunzhuo
8 - xinü
9 - xiejüan
10 - tai
11 - daimiao
12 - seizhou
13 - gaihui
14 - zhaotong
15 - pocao
16 - lanpa
17 - nepeng
18 - yunchaor
19 - diouku
20 - xünnuo
21 - xünnuo poxin cenli “twenty and one”
400 - ca “fourhundred”
401 - ca cenli “fourhundred one”
800 - xüanpie ca “two fourhundred”
8000 - xiong “eightthousand”
Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = Prefix ou̯-Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix jʊŋ-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix ɑu̯-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix ən-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix a-
Noun to verb = Prefix in-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -ən
Tending to = Suffix -a
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -ɨ
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -ja
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -wo
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix ɨ-
Diminutive = Prefix jɑŋ-
Augmentative = Prefix an-
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