Krekkonian

Natively known as: krækonán /krækoˈnɜn/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
khó ů pínk khakhnů rœ pobrô khó vów vǔch pínk virnù khú ůj
Pronunciation: /χɶ y ɸɨnk χaχˈny rœ ɸoˈbrɒ χɶ βɶʍ βʏʧ ɸɨnk βirˈnɯ χʉ yʤ/
Krekkonian word order: and he his hat holding stood and the wind to his wet face turned

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b k n r t ŋ ɢ ɣ ɱ ɸ ʈ ʍ ʤ ʧ β θ χ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Retroflex	Velar	Uvular
Nasal		ɱ		n			ŋ
Stop	b			t		ʈ	k	ɢ
Affricate					ʧ ʤ
Fricative	ɸ β		θ				ɣ	χ
Trill				r

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	ʍ

Vowel inventory: a e i o y æ ø œ ɐ ɑ ɒ ɔ ɛ ɜ ɞ ɤ ɨ ɪ ɯ ɵ ɶ ʉ ʊ ʌ ʏ

	Front	Central	Back
High	i y	ɨ ʉ	ɯ
Near-high	ɪ ʏ		ʊ
High-mid	e ø	ɵ	ɤ o
Low-mid	ɛ œ	ɜ ɞ	ʌ ɔ
Near-low	æ	ɐ
Low	a ɶ		ɑ ɒ

Syllable structure: (C)(C)V(C)(C) ?
Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ʊ	u
ɔ	aw
ɐ	â
ɑ	å
ɒ	ô
ɛ	ê
ɜ	á
ɪ	î
ɤ	e̊
ɵ	i̊
ɨ	í
ɞ	o̊
ɶ	ó
ʌ	û
y	ů
ʉ	ú
ɯ	ù
ʏ	ǔ
ŋ	ng
ɢ	g
ɱ	m
ɸ	p
β	v
ʈ	ṭ
ʍ	w
ʤ	j
ʧ	ch
θ	th
χ	kh
ɣ	ǧ

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject (Prepositional phrase) Object Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary with a key the door opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have three cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.

Nominative	No affix cháv /ʧɜβ/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix kɨ- kícháv /kɨˈʧɜβ/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	Prefix ø- øcháv /øˈʧɜβ/ dogʼs

Singular	No affix cháv /ʧɜβ/ dog
Plural	Prefix nra- nracháv /nraˈʧɜβ/ dogs

Articles

Krekkonian has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive
1st singular	kug /kʊɢ/ I	think /θink/ me	jœ /ʤœ/ mine
2nd singular	vø /βø/ you	tûrch /tʌrʧ/ you	pǔ /ɸʏ/ yours
3rd singular masc	ů /y/ he, it (masc)	pínk /ɸɨnk/ his, it (masc)	â /ɐ/ his, its (masc)
3rd singular fem	ngárb /ŋɜrb/ she, it (fem)	be /be/ her, it (fem)	the /θe/ hers, its (fem)
1st plural	œ /œ/ we	tů /ty/ us	vorch /βorʧ/ ours
2nd plural	ǧa /ɣa/ you all	o̊ /ɞ/ you all	wi̊th /ʍɵθ/ yours (pl)
3rd plural	ǔ /ʏ/ they	jav /ʤaβ/ them	ít /ɨt/ theirs

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	jœ /ʤœ/ my
2nd singular	pǔ /ɸʏ/ your
3rd singular masc	pínk /ɸɨnk/ his
3rd singular fem	the /θe/ her
1st plural	vorch /βorʧ/ our
2nd plural	wi̊th /ʍɵθ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	ít /ɨt/ their

Verbs

	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Present	If starts with vowel: Prefix ʧ- Else: Prefix ʧɒ- chôwæthe̊g /ʧɒʍæˈθɤɢ/ (I/we) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix ʊrʧ- Else: Prefix ʊrʧo- urchowæthe̊g /ʊrˌʧoʍæˈθɤɢ/ (you/you all) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix b- Else: Prefix ba- bawæthe̊g /baʍæˈθɤɢ/ (he/she/it/they) learn(s)
Past	If starts with vowel: Prefix ʍ- Else: Prefix ʍɞ- wo̊wæthe̊g /ʍɞʍæˈθɤɢ/ (I/we) learned	Prefix ɪ- îwæthe̊g /ɪʍæˈθɤɢ/ (you/you all) learned	Prefix ɯ- ùwæthe̊g /ɯʍæˈθɤɢ/ (he/she/it/they) learned
Remote past	If starts with vowel: Prefix ɞŋ- Else: Prefix ɞŋɜ- o̊ngáwæthe̊g /ɞˌŋɜʍæˈθɤɢ/ (I/we) learned (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix ɣ- Else: Prefix ɣɯ- ǧùwæthe̊g /ɣɯʍæˈθɤɢ/ (you/you all) learned (long ago)	Prefix ɸɯ- pùwæthe̊g /ɸɯʍæˈθɤɢ/ (he/she/it/they) learned (long ago)
Future	Prefix ɣrɒ- ǧrôwæthe̊g /ɣrɒʍæˈθɤɢ/ (I/we) will learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix β- Else: Prefix βɵ- vi̊wæthe̊g /βɵʍæˈθɤɢ/ (you/you all) will learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix ɜʍ- Else: Prefix ɜʍɜ- áwáwæthe̊g /ɜˌʍɜʍæˈθɤɢ/ (he/she/it/they) will learn

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Krekkonian uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Reduplicate whole word wæthe̊gwæthe̊g /ʍæˌθɤɢʍæˈθɤɢ/ have learned

Numbers

Krekkonian has a base-20 number system:
1 - næch
2 - ǧùnk
3 - khůt
4 - åch
5 - rů
6 - ø
7 - chethaw
8 - kåch
9 - ù
10 - khav
11 - pû
12 - vu
13 - gǔw
14 - khû
15 - chótúthåj
16 - thâ
17 - chů
18 - ngůnnǔngt
19 - ǧnâ
20 - rú
400 - jark
8000 - ǧig

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Prefix ɱɵ-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix ɒ-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɣr-
Else: Prefix ɣrɛ-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix atr-
Else: Prefix atrœ-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix βa-
Noun to verb = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɛŋ-
Else: Prefix ɛŋɒ-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix a-
Tending to = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɣn-
Else: Prefix ɣni-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix e-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix ŋo-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix ki-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix œ-
Diminutive = Prefix y-
Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix β-
Else: Prefix βɨ-

Dictionary

3060 Words.

Root Languages

• Infernal

Spoken by

• Krekkonian