Infernal

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: /b k t ŋ ɢ ɣ ɱ ɸ ʈ ʍ ʒ ʤ ʧ β θ χ/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Retroflex	Velar	Labio-velar	Uvular
Nasal		ɱ					ŋ
Stop	b			t		ʈ	k		ɢ
Affricate					ʧ ʤ
Fricative	ɸ β		θ		ʒ		ɣ		χ
Approximant								ʍ

Vowel inventory: /a e i o u y æ ø œ ɐ ɑ ɒ ɔ ɘ ə ɛ ɜ ɞ ɤ ɨ ɪ ɯ ɵ ɶ ʉ ʊ ʌ ʏ/

	Front	Central	Back
High	i y	ɨ ʉ	ɯ u
Near-high	ɪ ʏ		ʊ
High-mid	e ø	ɘ ɵ	ɤ o
Mid		ə
Low-mid	ɛ œ	ɜ ɞ	ʌ ɔ
Near-low	æ	ɐ
Low	a ɶ		ɑ ɒ

Syllable structure: (C)(C)V(C)
Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable
Word initial consonants: b, k, kŋ, t, ŋ, ɢ, ɣ, ɱ, ɸ, ʈ, ʍ, ʒ, ʤ, ʧ, β, θ, χ
Mid-word consonants: b, k, t, ŋ, ɣ, ɱ, ɸ, ʈ, ʒ, ʤ, ʧ, β, θ, χ
Word final consonants: b, k, t, ŋ, ɣ, ɱ, ʒ, ʤ, θ, χ
Phonological changes (in order of application):

• k → ʧ / _E
• t → ɾ / _a
• ɣ → g / C_V
• o → u / V_
• θ → h / _ɪ
• b → w / V_V
• ʤ → ʧ / i_{u,i}

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
y	û
ŋ	ng
ɐ	ä
ɑ	à
ɒ	ǒ
ɔ	aw
ɘ	ě
ə	ò
ɛ	ë
ɜ	ǔ
ɞ	ö
ɢ	q
ɣ	g̀
ɤ	è
ɨ	ú
ɪ	ì
ɯ	ú
ɱ	m
ɵ	ú
ɶ	ô
ɸ	p
ʈ	ṭ
ʉ	ú
ʊ	ù
ʌ	ü
ʍ	w
ʏ	ú
ʒ	z
ʤ	j
ʧ	ch
β	v
θ	th
χ	kh

---

Grammar

Main word order: Subject-Object-Oblique-Verb. "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary the door with a key opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions

Noun

	Singular	Plural
Masculine	No affix zœkh /ʒœχ/	Suffix -oθ zœkhoth /ʒœˈχoθ/
Feminine	No affix zœkh /ʒœχ/	If ends with vowel: Suffix -t Else: Suffix -et zœkhet /ʒœˈχet/
Neuter	No affix zœkh /ʒœχ/	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɸʊ Else: Suffix -ɞɸʊ zœkhöpù /ʒœχɞˈɸʊ/

Nouns have seven cases: Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man. Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog. Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man. Dative is the recipeint of something: man gives ball to dog. Locative is the location of something: man walks to town. Ablative is movement away from something: man walks from town. Instrumental is the use of something: man writes with (using) pen.

Nominative	No affix zœkh /ʒœχ/
Accusative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -kø Else: Suffix -ɛkø zœkhëkø /ʒœχɛˈkø/
Genitive	Suffix -ʉb zœkhúb /ʒœˈχʉb/
Dative	Suffix -ɯ zœkhú /ʒœˈχɯ/
Locative	Suffix -u zœkhu /ʒœˈχu/
Ablative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʤ Else: Suffix -ʊʤ zœkhùj /ʒœˈχʊʤ/
Instrumental	Suffix -y zœkhû /ʒœˈχy/

Articles

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	më /ɱɛ/ the	ú /ɯ/ a
Plural	khèth /χɤθ/ the	zú /ʒɵ/ some

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative	Locative	Ablative	Instrumental
1st singular	pak /ɸak/ I	běth /bɘθ/ me	zû /ʒy/ my, mine	kngùth /kŋʊθ/ to me	ṭùm /ʈʊɱ/	khœ /χœ/	wàz /ʍɑʒ/
2nd singular	zěth /ʒɘθ/ you	pú /ɸɯ/ you	ngùz /ŋʊʒ/ your, yours	mǔ /ɱɜ/ to you	ku /ku/	mä /ɱɐ/	ù /ʊ/
3rd singular masc	u /u/ he, it	kawt /kɔt/ him, it	bú /bɨ/ his, its	ngúj /ŋɯʤ/ to him	töm /tɞɱ/	pag̀ /ɸaɣ/	thöm /θɞɱ/
3rd singular fem	pùng /ɸʊŋ/ she, it	kngùt /kŋʊt/ her, it	zì /ʒɪ/ her, hers, its	zœ /ʒœ/ to her	ü /ʌ/	ngúb /ŋɯb/	thú /θɨ/
1st plural	kè /kɤ/ we	chú /ʧɯ/ us	kü /kʌ/ our, ours	wä /ʍɐ/ to us	chæm /ʧæɱ/	jòj /ʤəʤ/	qǒt /ɢɒt/
2nd plural	bøb /bøb/ you (all)	g̀ü /ɣʌ/ you (all)	kngùb /kŋʊb/ your, yours (all)	wàk /ʍɑk/ to you (all)	khèg̀ /χɤɣ/	më /ɱɛ/	jú /ʤɨ/
3rd plural masc	ngü /ŋʌ/ they (masculine)	ngùm /ŋʊɱ/ them (masculine)	kngùg̀ /kŋʊɣ/ their, theirs (masculine)	qim /ɢiɱ/ to them (masculine)	pùm /ɸʊɱ/	bû /by/	ngúng /ŋɯŋ/
3rd plural fem	kngøz /kŋøʒ/ they (feminine)	vèth /βɤθ/ them (feminine)	qòm /ɢəɱ/ their, theirs (feminine)	miz /ɱiʒ/ to them (feminine)	ṭú /ʈʉ/	kúkh /kɯχ/	khět /χɘt/

Verbs

Future tense is indicated with the word:

Future particle

thöm /θɞɱ/ future tense particle

	Present	Past	Remote past
1st singular	If ends with vowel: Suffix -θɵ Else: Suffix -ɘθɵ chütěthú /ʧʌtɘˈθɵ/	Suffix -ʊɱ chütùm /ʧʌˈtʊɱ/	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʈa Else: Suffix -aʈa chütaṭa /ʧʌtaˈʈa/
2nd singular	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʤœ Else: Suffix -ɔʤœ chütawjœ /ʧʌtɔˈʤœ/	Suffix -ʌ chütü /ʧʌˈtʌ/	If ends with vowel: Suffix -χ Else: Suffix -ɐχ chütäkh /ʧʌˈtɐχ/
3rd singular masc	Suffix -ʊ chütù /ʧʌˈtʊ/	Suffix -ɵ chütú /ʧʌˈtɵ/	Suffix -ə chütò /ʧʌˈtə/
3rd singular fem	Suffix -ʉ chütú /ʧʌˈtʉ/	Suffix -æ chütæ /ʧʌˈtæ/	Suffix -ɐŋ chütäng /ʧʌˈtɐŋ/
1st plural	Suffix -ɯχ chütúkh /ʧʌˈtɯχ/	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʈɑ Else: Suffix -yʈɑ chütûṭà /ʧʌtyˈʈɑ/	Suffix -ɘɣ chütěg̀ /ʧʌˈtɘɣ/
2nd plural	Suffix -ʉb chütúb /ʧʌˈtʉb/	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɱɨ Else: Suffix -øɱɨ chütømú /ʧʌtøˈɱɨ/	If ends with vowel: Suffix -βɞ Else: Suffix -aβɞ chütavö /ʧʌtaˈβɞ/
3rd plural masc	Suffix -ɶb chütôb /ʧʌˈtɶb/	If ends with vowel: Suffix -χɘ Else: Suffix -iχɘ chütikhě /ʧʌtiˈχɘ/	Suffix -ub chütub /ʧʌˈtub/
3rd plural fem	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɱɑ Else: Suffix -ɨɱɑ chütúmà /ʧʌtɨˈɱɑ/	Suffix -ɔʤ chütawj /ʧʌˈtɔʤ/	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɱə Else: Suffix -ɛɱə chütëmò /ʧʌtɛˈɱə/

Numbers

Kngěmút has a base-20 number system:

1 - zèth
2 - vot
3 - zúz
4 - töpú
5 - ngamökh
6 - qøtǔ
7 - túk
8 - pú
9 - ngút
10 - kú
11 - chakòng
12 - búthàkè
13 - weg̀
14 - bøkhom
15 - ùkǒg̀o
16 - thig̀
17 - g̀æṭu
18 - kngochě
19 - kngěkü
20 - múz
21 - múz jú zèth “twenty and one”
400 - zèth ngùkhachø “one fourhundred”
401 - zèth ngùkhachø jú zèth “one fourhundred and one”
800 - vot ngùkhachø “two fourhundred”
8000 - zèth búm “one eightthousand”

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʤ
Else: Suffix -ɤʤ
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -b
Else: Suffix -ɔb
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -χ
Else: Suffix -ʌχ
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -i
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -ʏt
Noun → verb (to create [noun]) = Suffix -ɤt
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -θ
Else: Suffix -ɤθ
Verb → adjective (likely to do [verb]) = Suffix -ʌ
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -oθ
Verb → noun that verb physically produces (e.g. build → building) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -βy
Else: Suffix -ʊβy
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -ɵŋ
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -ɤ
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -χ
Else: Suffix -ʌχ
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʒɜ
Else: Suffix -ʌʒɜ

Dictionary

4335 Words.

Successor Languages

• Krekkonian