Seabh Language

Natively known as: Biabh /bʲiavˠ/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind... sé gla ipúrt ceann gla bóru sé tréart gla brú direi tho múm Pronunciation: /ʃeː ɡɫa ɪˈpˠuːɾˠtʲ can̪ˠ ɡɫa bˠoːˈɾˠʊ ʃeː t̪ˠɾˠeːɾˠt̪ˠ ɡɫa bʲɾʲuː d̪ˠɪˈɾˠɛ hɔ mˠuːmʲ/ Seabh word order: and he stood holding hat his and turned his face wet to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: /bʲ bˠ c dʲ d̪ˠ fʲ fˠ h k lʲ mʲ mˠ nʲ n̪ˠ pʲ pˠ sˠ tʲ t̪ˠ vʲ vˠ x ç ŋ ɟ ɡ ɫ ɲ ɾʲ ɾˠ ʃ/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	mˠ mʲ		n̪ˠ	nʲ		ɲ	ŋ
Stop	pˠ pʲ bˠ bʲ		t̪ˠ d̪ˠ	tʲ dʲ		c ɟ	k ɡ
Fricative		fˠ fʲ vʲ vˠ		sˠ	ʃ	ç	x	h
Tap				ɾˠ ɾʲ
Lateral approximant				lʲ

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Velarized alveolar
Lateral approximant	ɫ

Vowel inventory: /a eː ia iə iː oː uə uː ɑː ɔ əi əu ɛ ɪ ʊ/
Diphthongs: ia, iə, uə, əi, əu

	Front	Back
High	iː	uː
Near-high	ɪ	ʊ
High-mid	eː	oː
Low-mid	ɛ	ɔ
Low	a	ɑː

Syllable structure: Custom defined Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable Word initial consonants: bʲ, bʲɾʲ, bˠ, bˠɾˠ, c, cɾʲ, dʲ, dʲɾʲ, d̪ˠ, fʲ, fʲɾʲ, fˠ, h, k, kɫ, kɾˠ, lʲ, mʲ, mˠ, n̪ˠ, pʲ, pˠ, sˠ, sˠk, sˠt̪ˠ, sˠɾˠ, tʲ, tʲɾʲ, t̪ˠ, t̪ˠɾˠ, vʲ, x, xɫ, ç, ɟ, ɡ, ɡɫ, ɡɾˠ, ɫ, ɾˠ, ʃ, ʃc, ʃcɾʲ Mid-word consonants: bˠ, c, dʲ, d̪ˠ, fʲ, fˠ, h, hɾˠ, k, lʲ, mʲ, mˠ, mˠpˠ, nʲ, nʲʃ, n̪ˠ, n̪ˠt̪ˠ, pˠ, sˠ, sˠk, sˠt̪ˠ, tʲ, t̪ˠ, vʲ, vˠ, x, xt̪ˠ, ŋ, ɟ, ɡ, ɡɫ, ɫ, ɫt̪ˠ, ɲ, ɾʲ, ɾˠ, ɾˠsˠ, ɾˠɫ, ʃ, ʃtʲ Word final consonants: dʲ, d̪ˠ, h, k, lʲ, mʲ, mˠ, nʲ, nʲtʲ, n̪ˠ, sˠ, sˠt̪ˠ, tʲ, vʲ, vˠ, x, xt̪ˠ, ŋɡ, ɟ, ɡ, ɫ, ɲ, ɾʲ, ɾʲtʲ, ɾˠ, ɾˠd̪ˠ, ɾˠtʲ, ɾˠt̪ˠ, ʃ, ʃtʲ
Phonological changes (in order of application):

• k → Ø / V_V
• h → Ø / V_V
• h → j / _E
• h → Ø / #_
• h → ɡ / _B
• ɛ → ɪ / _N

How to read phonological rules
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ca	cea
coː	ceo
cu	ciu
kɪ	coi | cai | cui
k	c
h	th
x	ch
ç	ch
ɲ	nn
^n̪ˠ	n
nʲ	n
n̪ˠ	nn
ŋg	ng
ŋ	ng
mʲ	m
mˠ	m
pʲ	p
pˠ	p
bʲ	b
bˠ	b
lʲ	l
ɫ	l
ʃa	sea
sˠɪ	sai
sˠi	suí
sˠeː	sao
ʃɔ	seo | sio
ʃo	seo
ʃu	siu
ʃ	s
sˠ	s
tʲ	te / _{a,ɑː}
tʲ	t
tʲu	tiu
t̪ˠoː	teo
t̪ˠɛ	te
t̪ˠ	t
fˠi	faoi
fˠɪ	fui
fˠuː	fiú
fˠ	f
fʲ	f
ɡ	g
ɟ	g
ɪ	i
ɑː	á
eːɾˠ	éar
ɾˠ	r
ɾʲ	r
vˠ	bh | mh
vʲ	bh
d̪ˠ	d
dʲ	d
əi	a
eː	é
ɛ	ei
ɔ	o
oː	ó
iː	í
uː	ú
iə	ia
əu	ai
uə	ua
ʊ	u

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary opened the door with a key. Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun. Adposition: prepositions

Nouns

	Masculine	Feminine
Singular	No affix cha /xa/ man	No affix gant /ɡanʲtʲ/ woman
Plural	If ends with vowel: Suffix -h Else: Suffix -ɪh chath /xah/ men	If ends with vowel: Suffix -mʲ Else: Suffix -əimʲ gantam /ɡanʲˈtʲəimʲ/ women

Articles

Seabh has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.

Pronouns

1st singular	scriad /ʃcɾʲiadʲ/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	rínn /ɾˠiːn̪ˠ/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	gla /ɡɫa/ he, him, his, it, its
3rd singular fem	cá /kɑː/ she, her, hers, it, its
1st plural	bho /vʲɔ/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	thúm /huːmʲ/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural masc	pírd /pˠiːɾˠd̪ˠ/ they (masc), them (masc), theirs (masc)
3rd plural fem	á /ɑː/ they (fem), them (fem), theirs (fem)

Possessive determiners

1st singular	scriad /ʃcɾʲiadʲ/ my
2nd singular	rínn /ɾˠiːn̪ˠ/ your
3rd singular masc	gla /ɡɫa/ his
3rd singular fem	cá /kɑː/ her
1st plural	bho /vʲɔ/ our
2nd plural	thúm /huːmʲ/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	pírd /pˠiːɾˠd̪ˠ/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	á /ɑː/ their (fem)

Verbs

Present	No affix al /aɫ/ learn
Past	If ends with vowel: Suffix -nʲ Else: Suffix -ɔnʲ alon /aˈɫɔnʲ/ learned
Remote past	If ends with vowel: Suffix -n̪ˠ Else: Suffix -ɑːn̪ˠ alánn /aˈɫɑːn̪ˠ/ learned (lonɡ aɡo)
Future	If ends with vowel: Suffix -vˠ Else: Suffix -əuvˠ alaibh /aˈɫəuvˠ/ will learn

Numbers

Seabh has a base-20 number system:
1 - thún 2 - á 3 - ga 4 - durd 5 - sos 6 - scui 7 - nó 8 - scás 9 - líri 10 - chann 11 - miath 12 - bhéc 13 - istua 14 - clirei 15 - cuingann 16 - disea 17 - dichaitha 18 - tuam 19 - gué 20 - pairt 21 - thún sé pairt “one and twenty” 400 - thún miad “one fourhundred” 401 - thún miad thún “one fourhundred one” 800 - á miad “two fourhundred” 8000 - thún ban “one eightthousand”

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Prefix ɛ- Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix mʲ- Else: Prefix mʲəu- Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix n̪ˠ- Else: Prefix n̪ˠoː- Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix dʲ- Else: Prefix dʲʊ- Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɟ- Else: Prefix ɟɛ- Noun to verb = Prefix ɡa- Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix ka- Tending to = Prefix kɾˠiː- Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix lʲ- Else: Prefix lʲɪ- Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If starts with vowel: Prefix tʲɾʲ- Else: Prefix tʲɾʲəi- One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If starts with vowel: Prefix cɾʲ- Else: Prefix cɾʲuə- Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ʃ- Else: Prefix ʃɔ- Diminutive = Prefix uə- Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix fʲ- Else: Prefix fʲia-

Dictionary

4435 Words.

Root Languages

• Fae Language

Spoken by

• Seabh