Ekacacian (/ɛˈkɒǀɒǀ/)
Ekacacian is one of the ten primary languages of Cury.
vi ngqun hlof wo ngqun nhlant vi emge ngqun hhikef mnoss ha mhlo
Pronunciation: /vi ᵑǃ̤un ɬɔf wɔ ᵑǃ̤un nɬɒnt vi ˈɛmgɛ ᵑǃ̤un ˈɦikɛf mnɔss hɒ mɬɔ/
Ekacacian word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind
Co-articulated phonemes
Vowel inventory: i u ɒ ɔ ɛ
Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ? Spelling rules:
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?
Ekacacian uses a standalone particle word for future tense:
Ekacacian uses the word for ‘finish’ veboye for the perfect aspect.
2 - lock
3 - plothri
4 - lep
5 - mdlack
6 - mnyull
7 - il
8 - sill
9 - qhwof
10 - mnong
Hundred - ndlo
Thousand - mfo
Else: Prefix isu-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɒmh-
Else: Prefix ɒmhi-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix vɛ-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ŋk-
Else: Prefix ŋkɒ-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix ᵑǀɒ-
Noun to verb = Prefix ndɒ-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix ɔ-
Tending to = Prefix ɒ-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix lɔ-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If starts with vowel: Prefix mp-
Else: Prefix mpi-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If starts with vowel: Prefix w-
Else: Prefix wu-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix mbɒ-
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix itʰr-
Else: Prefix itʰrɔ-
Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix ms-
Else: Prefix msi-
Maker = If starts with vowel: Prefix ǀ-
Else: Prefix ǀɔ-
Natively known as: ekacac /ɛˈkɒǀɒǀ/
...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...vi ngqun hlof wo ngqun nhlant vi emge ngqun hhikef mnoss ha mhlo
Pronunciation: /vi ᵑǃ̤un ɬɔf wɔ ᵑǃ̤un nɬɒnt vi ˈɛmgɛ ᵑǃ̤un ˈɦikɛf mnɔss hɒ mɬɔ/
Ekacacian word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind
Spelling & Phonology
Consonant inventory: b b̤ d f g h j k kʰ l m n p pʰ r s t tʰ v w z ŋ ǀ ǀʰ ǂ ǂʰ ǃ ǃʰ ɦ ɬ ɮ ɲ ʃ ʤ ʦʼ ʧʼ ᵑǀ ᵑǀ̤ ᵑǂ̤ ᵑǃ ᵑǃ̤ ᶢǀ̤ ᶢǃ̤↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||
Stop | p pʰ b b̤ | t tʰ d | k kʰ g | |||||
Affricate | ʦʼ | ʧʼ ʤ | ||||||
Fricative | f v | s z | ʃ | h ɦ | ||||
Approximant | j | |||||||
Trill | r | |||||||
Lateral fricative | ɬ ɮ | |||||||
Lateral approximant | l | |||||||
Click | ǀ ǀʰ ᵑǀ ᵑǀ̤ ᶢǀ̤ | ǃ ǃʰ ᵑǃ ᵑǃ̤ ᶢǃ̤ | ǂ ǂʰ ᵑǂ̤ |
↓Manner/Place→ | Labial-velar |
---|---|
Approximant | w |
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
High | i | u |
Low-mid | ɛ | ɔ |
Low | ɒ |
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ? Spelling rules:
Pronunciation | Spelling |
---|---|
bʱ | bh |
ᵑǀʱ | ngc |
ᵑǃʱ | ngq |
ᵑǂʱ | ngx |
ɲʧʼ | ntsh |
ʧʼ | tsh |
ᶢǃʱ | gq |
ᶢǂʱ | gx |
ᶢǀʱ | gc |
ᵑǂ | nx |
ǂʰ | xh |
ᵑǃ | nq |
kʰ | kh |
ǃʰ | qh |
ǃ | q |
ǂ | x |
ŋk | nk |
ᵑǀ | nc |
ǀʰ | ch |
ǀ | c |
ɮ | dl |
j | y |
ɲʤ | nj |
ʤ | j |
ɲ | ny |
ɦ | hh |
ɬ | hl |
pʰ | ph |
ʃ | sh |
tʰ | th |
ʦʼ | ts |
ɒ | a |
ɛ | e |
ɔ | o |
Grammar
Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?
Nouns
Nouns form plural with separate plural word:Plural | Particle before the noun: kwɒwn - kwawn nhlul /kwɒwn nɬul/ dogs |
Articles
Ekacacian has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.Pronouns
Nominative | Accusative | |
---|---|---|
1st singular | la /lɒ/ I | gcwil /ᶢǀ̤wil/ me |
2nd singular | mkhaff /mkʰɒff/ you | pa /pɒ/ you |
3rd singular masc | ngqun /ᵑǃ̤un/ he | mlu /mlu/ him |
3rd singular fem | ngul /ngul/ she | the /tʰɛ/ her |
3rd singular neuter | mnyep /mɲɛp/ it | so /sɔ/ it |
1st plural inclusive | ne /nɛ/ we (including you) | ni /ni/ us (including you) |
1st plural exclusive | a /ɒ/ we (excluding you) | e /ɛ/ us (excluding you) |
2nd plural | nul /nul/ you all | uff /uff/ you all |
3rd plural masc | o /ɔ/ they (masc) | ki /ki/ them (masc) |
3rd plural fem | yi /ji/ they (fem) | khu /kʰu/ them (fem) |
3rd plural neuter | mfung /mfung/ they (neut) | bunt /bunt/ them (neut) |
Possessive determiners
1st singular | la /lɒ/ my |
2nd singular | mkhaff /mkʰɒff/ your |
3rd singular masc | ngqun /ᵑǃ̤un/ his |
3rd singular fem | ngul /ngul/ her |
3rd singular neuter | mnyep /mɲɛp/ its |
1st plural inclusive | ne /nɛ/ our (including you) |
1st plural exclusive | a /ɒ/ our (excluding you) |
2nd plural | nul /nul/ your (pl) |
3rd plural masc | o /ɔ/ their (masc) |
3rd plural fem | yi /ji/ their (fem) |
3rd plural neuter | mfung /mfung/ their (neut) |
Verbs
Present
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Masculine | No affix yal /jɒl/ | Prefix u- uyal /ˈujɒl/ |
Feminine | No affix yal /jɒl/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix nɮ- Else: Prefix nɮɒ- ndlayal /ˈnɮɒjɒl/ |
Neuter | No affix yal /jɒl/ | Prefix lɔ- loyal /ˈlɔjɒl/ |
Past
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Masculine | If starts with vowel: Prefix ɒmb̤- Else: Prefix ɒmb̤u- ambhuyal /ɒmˈb̤ujɒl/ | Prefix i- iyal /ˈijɒl/ |
Feminine | If starts with vowel: Prefix z- Else: Prefix zɒ- zayal /ˈzɒjɒl/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix s- Else: Prefix sɒ- sayal /ˈsɒjɒl/ |
Neuter | Prefix ɒ- ayal /ˈɒjɒl/ | Prefix msi- msiyal /ˈmsijɒl/ |
Remote past
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Masculine | If starts with vowel: Prefix ʧʼ- Else: Prefix ʧʼɛ- tsheyal /ˈʧʼɛjɒl/ | Prefix ɔ- oyal /ˈɔjɒl/ |
Feminine | If starts with vowel: Prefix s- Else: Prefix si- siyal /ˈsijɒl/ | Prefix mɲu- mnyuyal /ˈmɲujɒl/ |
Neuter | If starts with vowel: Prefix ɒf- Else: Prefix ɒfu- afuyal /ɒˈfujɒl/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix umn- Else: Prefix umnu- umnuyal /umˈnujɒl/ |
Future | Particle before the verb: ɒst - ast yal /ɒst jɒl/ will learn |
Perfect aspect
The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.Ekacacian uses the word for ‘finish’ veboye for the perfect aspect.
Numbers
Ekacacian has a base-10 number system: 1 - an2 - lock
3 - plothri
4 - lep
5 - mdlack
6 - mnyull
7 - il
8 - sill
9 - qhwof
10 - mnong
Hundred - ndlo
Thousand - mfo
Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = If starts with vowel: Prefix is-Else: Prefix isu-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɒmh-
Else: Prefix ɒmhi-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix vɛ-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ŋk-
Else: Prefix ŋkɒ-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix ᵑǀɒ-
Noun to verb = Prefix ndɒ-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix ɔ-
Tending to = Prefix ɒ-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix lɔ-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If starts with vowel: Prefix mp-
Else: Prefix mpi-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If starts with vowel: Prefix w-
Else: Prefix wu-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix mbɒ-
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix itʰr-
Else: Prefix itʰrɔ-
Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix ms-
Else: Prefix msi-
Maker = If starts with vowel: Prefix ǀ-
Else: Prefix ǀɔ-
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